http://seekingalpha.com/article/2283763-mast-therapeutics-mstminus-188-would-fit-well-in-mercks-drug-development-pipeline

MST-188 (purified poloxamer 188)

MST-188 is an investigational agent, formulated using a purified form of poloxamer 188. Substantial research has demonstrated that poloxamer 188 has cytoprotective and hemorrheologic properties and inhibits inflammatory processes and thrombosis. We believe the pharmacologic effects of poloxamer 188 support the development of MST-188 in multiple clinical indications for diseases and conditions characterized by microcirculatory insufficiency (endothelial dysfunction and/or impaired blood flow). We are enrolling patients in EPIC, a pivotal phase 3 study of MST-188 in sickle cell disease. In addition, our MST-188 pipeline includes development programs in adjunctive thrombolytic therapy (e.g., acute limb ischemia, stroke), heart failure, and resuscitation (i.e., restoration of circulating blood volume and pressure) following major trauma.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF MST-188

We believe the pharmacodynamic properties of MST-188 (cytoprotective, hemorheologic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic/pro-fibrinolytic) enable it simultaneously to address, or prevent activation of, multiple biochemical pathways that can result in microcirculatory insufficiency, a multifaceted condition principally characterized by endothelial dysfunction and impaired blood flow. The microcirculation is responsible for the delivery of blood through the smallest blood vessels (arterioles and capillaries) embedded within tissues. A healthy endothelium is critical to a functional microcirculation. Without the regular delivery of blood and transfer of oxygen to tissue from the microcirculation, individual cells (in both the endothelium and tissue) are unable to maintain aerobic metabolism and, through a series of complex and interrelated events, eventually die. If microcirculatory insufficiency continues, the patient will suffer tissue necrosis, organ damage and, eventually, death.

EPIC’s study drug, MST-188, is a new class of drug that acts by attaching to the damaged surfaces of the cell membranes, potentially improving blood flow and oxygen delivery.

Improving blood flow and oxygen delivery may reduce the duration and severity of pain crises faced by sickle cell patients.

http://www.selfsufficiencymagazine.com/how-to-treat-migraines-with-red-raspberry-leaf/

If you, or someone close to you, suffers from migraines then you’ll know just how frustrating it can be. You can try all sorts of approaches and conventional medications, but often they don’t work!

Why not try some red raspberry leaf tea? It’s packed full of essential vitamins and minerals and is widely used for helping to cure those painful headaches.

http://www.thefutureofhealthnow.com/little-weed-one-useful-medicines-planet/

There are two major types of plantain in BC, Canada: Lance and Broadleaf. Generally, all 200-plus varieties of plantain yield the same results. It grows especially well in poor, rocky soil (such as driveways) and is often seen alongside dandelion. More often than not, you will see plantain growing in gravel pits and construction sites as nature seeks to regenerate the soil. Introduced to North America in the 1600s, it was once called “White Man’s Foot” by the Native Americans who witnessed that where the Europeans tread and disrupted the soil, plantain sprung up.

Social Media in Pharma: Should you bother?

http://links.genericpharma20.mkt6146.com/servlet/MailView?ms=NjY5NjcyNQS2&r=NTEzNjM3NjI3NDgS1&j=NDYyOTA1OTY2S0&mt=2&rj=NDYyOTA1OTY1S0&rt=0

Generic Pharma 2.0
Our mailing address is: 12 Dunlop Street E.

Barrie, Ontario L4M 1A3

info@genericpharma20.com

XP 23829  from Xenoport is an interesting molecule and as on 27 July 2014, I did not find conclusive evidence

See some structures below

Not sure about the structure of XP 23829

OR

Best fit

OR

Not sure?

(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl(2E)but-2-ene-1,4-dioate.

OR

I AM NOT SURE ABOUT THIS ONE ALSO????????

As Football worldcup2014 goes on in Brazil

A thought for it is due…………

……………………………………………………

Best fit is probably is as shown below, and there are reasons

(N,N- Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-l,4-dioate 

Introduction

(N,​N-​Diethylcarbamoyl)​methyl methyl (2E)​-​but-​2-​ene-​1,​4-​dioate

As per patent……..http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014031844A1?cl=en

C₁₁ H₁₇ N O_{5, mw 243.13}

M.p.: 53-56 °C.

¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.39 (q, J = 1.1 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1 .24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1 .14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI): m/z 244.13 (M+H)⁺.

Cas…….1208229-58-6

XP-23829 PROBABLE

For the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis.

XP-H-093

US8148414 Basic patent

Xenoport, Inc.  Innovator

XenoPort has initiated a phase II trial of XP-23829, a proprietary investigational next-generation fumaric acid product candidate (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02173301). The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of XP-23829 as a potential treatment of patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis. XenoPort expects to enroll approximately 200 subjects in this trial, which is being conducted in the U.S. The study will include a screening and washout phase of up to 4 weeks, a 12-week treatment phase and a 4-week post-treatment phase. Eligible study subjects will be randomized to placebo or one of three treatment arms of XP-23829: 400 or 800 mg once daily or 400 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint will examine the percent change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score from baseline at the end of week 12. Secondary endpoints will include the proportion of subjects who achieve a reduction of 75% or greater from baseline in PASI (PASI75) score and subjects who achieve a Static Physicians Global Assessment score of “clear” or “almost clear.” Topline results are expected in the third quarter of 2015 (XenoPort News Release).

XP23829 — A Prodrug of Monomethyl Fumarate

Our third product candidate, XP23829, is in Phase 1 clinical development. Provided we are able to demonstrate the safety and desired pharmacokinetic, or PK, profile of XP23829 in our Phase 1 trials, we believe that XP23829 could be a potential treatment of patients with RRMS, psoriasis and/or certain other disorders where the mechanism of action of XP23829 may be relevant. For example, we are exploring the potential of XP23829 to protect against neurodegeneration in experimental preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease through a grant from The Michael J. Fox Foundation. We hold a composition-of-matter patent and a formulation patent in the United States on XP23829 and hold patents or pending patent applications directed to the XP23829 methods of synthesis and use in the United States. We have also filed applications directed to the XP23829 composition of matter and methods of synthesis and use in other jurisdictions.

Prodrug Background

XP23829 is a fumaric acid ester compound and a patented prodrug of MMF. Fumaric acid ester compounds have shown immuno-modulatory and neuroprotective effects in cell-based systems and preclinical models of disease. A product containing a combination of fumaric acid ester compounds, known as Fumaderm, is approved in Germany for the treatment of psoriasis. Tecfidera (a formulation of DMF, also known as BG-12) from Biogen Idec Inc. is another fumaric acid ester prodrug that converts to MMF in the body. Phase 3 clinical trials of Tecfidera as a potential treatment for RRMS showed statistically significant benefits of Tecfidera versus placebo. Tecfidera is currently under U.S. regulatory review as a potential treatment for RRMS.

Our Prodrug

XP23829 is a novel prodrug of MMF that we believe may provide improved tolerability and efficacy compared to DMF. In preclinical studies that compared molar equivalent doses of XP23829 to DMF, XP23829 provided higher blood levels of the biologically active molecule MMF and a similar or greater degree of efficacy in MS and psoriasis animal models. Toxicology studies conducted in two species showed that XP23829 caused less stomach irritation when compared to DMF.

Phase 1 Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers

In October 2012, we reported favorable preliminary results from our first Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults designed to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single doses of four different formulations of XP23829. The trial was a randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover, food effect comparison clinical trial of XP23829. Sixty subjects were assigned to five cohorts of 12, with each cohort receiving one of four different formulations of XP23829 or placebo. The trial demonstrated that administration of XP23829 resulted in the expected levels of MMF in the blood. As anticipated, the four formulations produced

April 4, 2012

http://investor.xenoport.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=708145
XenoPort Awarded U.S. Patent Directed to Composition and Formulations of XP23829, a Novel Fumarate Analog for the Potential Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Psoriasis
SANTA CLARA, Calif.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Apr. 4, 2012– XenoPort, Inc. (Nasdaq: XNPT) announced today that it was awarded U.S. Patent 8,148,414 for “Prodrugs of Methyl Hydrogen Fumarate, Pharmaceutical Compositions Thereof, and Methods of Use.” The term of the patent extends until 2029, subject to potential Hatch-Waxman patent term extensions.

The patent is directed to the XP23829 compound, analogs thereof and formulations thereof. A related U.S. patent application directed to therapeutic uses of XP23829 is now pending.

XP23829 is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate, also known as monomethyl fumarate (MMF). In cell- and animal-based models, MMF has been shown to exhibit immuno-modulatory properties and inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

In XenoPort’s preclinical animal studies that compared molar equivalent doses of XP23829 to dimethyl fumarate (DMF), another prodrug of MMF, XP23829 demonstrated a greater degree of efficacy in animal models of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. Toxicology studies conducted in two species showed that XP23829 caused less stomach irritation compared to DMF.

XenoPort intends to file an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) for XP23829 for the treatment of relapsing remitting MS with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the second quarter of 2012 and expects to initiate human clinical trials later this year.

XenoPort owns all rights to XP23829.

About XenoPort

XenoPort is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing a portfolio of internally discovered product candidates for the potential treatment of neurological disorders. Horizant® (gabapentin enacarbil) Extended-Release Tablets is XenoPort’s first FDA-approved product. GlaxoSmithKline holds commercialization rights and certain development rights for Horizant in the United States. Regnite® (gabapentin enacarbil) is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome in Japan. Astellas Pharma Inc. holds all development and commercialization rights for Regnite in Japan and five Asian countries. XenoPort holds all other world-wide rights and has co-promotion and certain development rights to gabapentin enacarbil in the United States. XenoPort’s pipeline of product candidates includes potential treatments for patients with postherpetic neuralgia, spasticity and Parkinson’s disease.

To learn more about XenoPort, please visit the company Website at http://www.XenoPort.com.

More info about this drug

SEE a patent

WO 2010022177

……………………………………….

WO 2013181451

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013181451A1?cl=en

Scheme 5:

ONE OUT OF THESE

Example 6: (/V,/V-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2£)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

[0138] Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (0.39 g, 3.00 mmol) dissolved in NMP was reacted at about 55 °C with 2-chloro-/V,/V-diethylacetamide (0.44 g, 3.00 mmol) in the presence of CsHC0₃ (0.69 g, 3.60 mmol) to afford 0.37 g (51 % yield) of the title compound after purification by silica gel column chromatography (Biotage) using a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and hexanes (1 :1 ) as eluent. M.p.: 53-56 °C. ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.39 (q, J = 1.1 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1 .24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1 .14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI): m/z 244.13 (M+H)⁺.

Example 7: Methyl 2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl (2 £)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

[0139] Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (0.50 g, 3.84 mmol) dissolved in NMP was reacted at about 55 °C with 4-(chloroacetyl) morpholine (0.75 g, 4.61 mmol) in the presence of CsHC0₃ (0.89 g, 4.61 mmol) to afford 0.34 g (35% yield) of the title compound as a white solid after purification by mass-guided preparative HPLC and lyophilization. M.p.: 124 to 126°C; ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.97-6.91 (m, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.64-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 2H). MS (ESI): m/z 258.04 (M+H)⁺. Example 8: A/,A/-Dimethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

[0140] Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (0.50 g, 3.84 mmol) dissolved in NMP was reacted at about 55 °C with /V,/V-dimethyl chloroacetamide (0.56 g, 4.61 mmol) in the presence of CsHC0₃ (0.89 g, 4.61 mmol). The crude material was precipitated out from a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and hexanes (Hxn) (1 :1 ) to provide a white solid. This solid was further dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and the organic layer washed with water. After removal of the solvents 0.55 g (67% yield) of the title compound was obtained as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.98- 6.90 (m, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.99-2.97 (2s, 6H). MS (ESI): m/z 216 (M+H)⁺.

Example 9: Methyl (2-morpholino-4-ylethyl) fumarate

[0141] Following general Procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) dissolved in NMP is reacted at about 55 °C with 4-(chloroethyl) morpholine (0.75 g, 4.61 mmol) in the presence of CsHC0₃ to afford the title compound after purification by mass-guided preparative HPLC and lyophilization. Example 10: Methyl (3-mor holino-4-ylpropyl) fumarate

[0142] Following the procedure of Methyl (2-morpholino-4-ylethyl) fumarate, and replacing 4-(chloroethyl) morpholine with 4-(chloropropyl) morpholine provides the title compound.

Example 11 : Methyl (4-morpholino-4-ylbutyl) fumarate

[0143] Following the procedure of Methyl (2-morpholino-4-ylethyl) fumarate, and replacing 4-(chloroethyl) morpholine with 4-(chlorobutyl) morpholine provides the title compound. Example 12: Methyl 5-morpholino-4-ylpentyl) fumarate

[0144] Following the procedure of Methyl (2-morpholino-4-ylethyl) fumarate, and replacing 4-(chloroethyl) morpholine with 4-(chloropentyl) morpholine provides the title compound. Example 13: (A/-cyclopropyl-W-ethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl 2(E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

[0145] Following the general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (38.7 g, 0.297 mol) suspended in toluene (100 mL) was reacted at about 80 °C with 2-chloro-/V-cyclopropyl- N-ethylacetamide (48 g, 0.297 mol) in the presence of W,/V-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA; 42.3 g, 57 mL, 0.327 mol) to afford 50 g (63.3%) of the title compound after recrystallization using methyl ferf-butyl ether. The crystalline compound had a melting point of 92.1 °C. ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.01 -6.92 (m, 2H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.44 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 1 H), 1 .14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.94-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.83-0.81 (m, 2H). MS (ESI): m/z 256.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 14: (/V-cyclopropyl-/V-methylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl 2(E)but-2-ene-1 , 4- dioate

[0146] Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (38.7 g, 0.40 mol) suspended in toluene (100 mL) was reacted at about 80 °C with 2-chloro-/V-cyclopropyl-/V- methylacetamide (60 g, 0.40 mol) in the presence of Ν,Ν-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA; 57.8 g, 78 mL, 0.44 mol) to afford 50 g (50.86%) of the title compound after recrystallization using methyl fe/t-butyl ether. The crystalline compound had a melting point of 93.6 °C. ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.01 -6.91 (m, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.73-2.68 (m, 1 H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.83-0.78 (m, 2H). MS (ESI): m/z 242.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example 15: Methyl 2-oxo-2-pyrrolidinylethyl 2(E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

[0147] Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (20.78 g, 0.159 mol) suspended in toluene (60 mL) was reacted at about 80 °C with 2-chloro-1 -pyrrolidin-1 -yl- ethanone (23.5 g, 0.159 mol) in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA; 22.69 g, 31 .5 mL, 0.175 mol) to afford 24 g (62.3%) of the title compound after recrystallization using methyl fe/t-butyl ether. The crystalline compound had a melting point of 102.1 °C. ¹ H NMR (CDCI₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.00-6.92 (m, 2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.49 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42-3.39 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.20-1 .97 (m, 2H), 1 .91 -1 .82 (m, 2H). MS (ESI): m/z 242 (M+H)⁺.

………………………………

Patent

 http://www.google.co.in/patents/US8148414

(I):

Example 1(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl(2E)but-2-ene-1,4-dioate (1)…………. best fit

Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (0.39 g, 3.00 mmol) dissolved in NMP was reacted at ca. 55° C. with 2-chloro-N,N-diethylacetamide (0.44 g, 3.00 mmol) in the presence of CsHCO₃ (0.69 g, 3.60 mmol) to afford 0.37 g (51% yield) of the title compound (1) after purification by silica gel column chromatography (Biotage) using a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and hexanes (1:1) as eluent. M.p.: 53-56° C. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.39 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (ESI): m/z 244.13 (M+H)⁺.

Methyl 2-oxo-2-piperazinylethyl(2E)but-2-ene-1,4-dioate hydrochloride (14) (0.20 g, 0.68 mmol) was reacted with acetyl chloride (AcCl) (0.60 mL, 0.66 g, 0.84 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.70 mL, 0.52 g, 4.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM). Following aqueous work-up, the crude product was purified by silica gel flash chromatography to afford 0.12 g (54% yield) of the title compound (16) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.98-6.93 (m, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.66 3.63 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.14 (s, 3H). MS (ESI): m/z 299.12 (M+H)⁺.

Example 9N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl(2E)but-2-ene-1,4-dioate (9)

Following general procedure A, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) (0.50 g, 3.84 mmol) dissolved in NMP was reacted at ca. 55° C. with N,N-dimethyl chloroacetamide (0.56 g, 4.61 mmol) in the presence of CsHCO₃ (0.89 g, 4.61 mmol). The crude material was precipitated out from a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and hexanes (Hxn) (1:1) to provide a white solid. This solid was further dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and the organic layer washed with water. After removal of the solvents 0.55 g (67% yield) of the title compound (9) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.98-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.99-2.97 (2s, 6H). MS (ESI): m/z 216 (M+H)⁺.

………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014031844A1?cl=en

Compound (1).

Table 1 : Flushing Incidence as a Function of MMF Cmax

*Formulation 2 is the dosage form described in Example 10; Formulation 3 is the dosage form described in Example 3 ; Formulation 4 is the dosage form described in Example 5 ;

** maximum average Concentration; ***average Cmax; Poster (see above); Compound (1) referred to in the above table is an MMF prodrug of Formula (II); (N,N- Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2£)but-2-ene-l,4-dioate having the following chemical structure:

Compound (1).

The maximum slope values ( dose and ng) for different dosage treatments are given in Table 2. The Figures 15-16 show plots of maximum MMF slope vs flushing incidence. The curves in the figures were fitted using a Hill Em_ax model. Table 2

Compound, Flushing

Table 3: Composition of Enteric Coated Sustained Release Tablet (15% HPMC in Core)

Quantity Quantity

Component Manufacturer Role

(mg tablet) (%w/w)

Vertellus (Greensboro,

Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer 1.25 0.42

NC)

Emerson Resources Anti- tacking

PlasAC YL™ T20 2.41 0.80

(Norristown, PA) agent

Total Enteric

27.87 9.30 Coating

Total Tablet 334.69 111.68

[00191] The tablets were made according to the following steps. The core tablets were prepared using a wet granulation process. The granulation was performed in two batches at 456 g per batch. Compound (1) and hydroxypropyl cellulose were passed through a conical mill with a 610 micron round holed screen. Compound (1) and hydroxypropyl cellulose were then combined in a Key KG- 5 granulator bowl and mixed with water addition for approximately 7 minutes. The wet granules were dried in a Glatt GPCG-1 fluid bed dryer at 40 °C. The two portions of dried granules were sized by passing through a conical mill with an approximately 1300 micron grater type screen. The milled granules were blended with the hypromellose 2208, silicon dioxide, and lactose monohydrate for 10 minutes in an 8 quart (7.6 1) V-blender. This blend was passed through an 850 micron mesh screen. The magnesium stearate was passed through a 600 micron mesh screen and blended with the additional core materials in the V-blender for 5 minutes. Core tablets (299.69 mg) were compressed using a GlobePharma Minipress II rotary tablet press with 8.6 mm round concave tooling. The core tablets had a final mean hardness of approximately 12 kp. For the coating, an aqueous suspension was prepared by mixing with an impeller 63.8 g Opadry 03019184 with 770.7 g of purified water. The water contained in the suspension is removed during the film coating process and therefore not included in the final formulation in Table 3. The tablets were coated with the aqueous suspension in an O’ Hara Technologies Labcoat M coater with a 12″ (30.5 cm) diameter perforated pan until the desired weight gain of barrier coat was achieved. The coating process occurred at an inlet temperature of approximately 52 °C and an outlet temperature of 36 °C. After coating, the tablets were dried for 2 hours at 40 °C. An aqueous suspension was prepared by mixing with an impeller 405.1 g methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, 6.3 g triethyl citrate, 60.6 g PlasACRYL™ T20 with 228.1 g water. The water contained in the methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion and the

PlasACRYL™ T20 is removed during the film coating process and therefore not included in the final formulation in Table 3. The tablets were coated with the aqueous suspension in the O’ Hara Technologies Labcoat M coater until the desired weight gain of enteric film was achieved. The coating process occurred at an inlet temperature of approximately 40 °C and an outlet temperature of 30 °C. After coating, the tablets were dried for 2 hours at 40 °C.

Example 2

In Vitro Dissolution Profile of Example 1 Dosage Form

[00192] A two-stage dissolution method was used to determine the in vitro dissolution profile of dosage forms prepared according to Example 1. The 2-stage dissolution test was used to better approximate the pH conditions experienced by a dosage form after swallowing by a patient, i.e., low pH of the stomach followed by near neutral pH of the intestines. The dosage forms were first placed into a dissolution vessel (USP, Type I, basket) containing 750 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2). After 2 hours, 250 mL of 200 mM tribasic sodium phosphate was added to the vessel resulting in a pH adjustment from 1.2 to 6.8. The dissolution medium was kept at 37 °C and was agitated at 100 rpm.

[00193] For the Example 1 dosage forms, samples of the dissolution medium were withdrawn after 1 and 2 hours in the low pH stage, and at 0.5, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 hours following buffer addition. The released amount of the MMF prodrug in the samples was determined by reverse phase HPLC using a C18 column and a 7 minute gradient method according to Table 4 where Mobile Phase A is water/0.1 ]¾Ρθ4 and Mobile Phase B is water/acetonitrile/H₃PC>4 (10/90/0.1 by volume) with UV detection at 210 nm.

Table 4: HPLC Gradient Conditions

[00194] As shown in FIG. 1, for dosage forms prepared according to Example 1, drug release is delayed for approximately 2 hours, followed by sustained release reaching >90 at 12 hours.

Example 3

Preparation of Delayed Sustained Release Dosage Form (Enteric Coated, 15% HPMC in Core, without Barrier Layer) [00195] Delayed sustained release tablets containing compound (1) were made having the ingredients shown in Table 5:

Table 5: Composition of Enteric Coated Sustained Release Tablet (15% HPMC in Core, without Barrier Layer)

[00196] The tablets were made according to the following steps. The core tablets were prepared using a wet granulation process. The granulation was performed in two batches at 463.9 g per batch. Compound (1) and hydroxypropyl cellulose were passed through a conical mill with a 610 micron round holed screen. Compound (1) and hydroxypropyl cellulose were then combined in a Key KG- 5 granulator bowl and mixed with water addition for approximately 10 minutes. The wet granules were dried in a Glatt GPCG-1 fluid bed dryer at 40 °C. The two portions of dried granules were blended with silicon dioxide and sized by passing through a conical mill with an approximately 1300 micron grater type screen. The milled granules were blended with the hypromellose 2208 and lactose monohydrate for 10 minutes in an 8 quart (7.6 1) V-blender. This blend was passed through an 850 micron mesh screen. The magnesium stearate was passed through a 600 micron mesh screen and blended with the additional core materials in the V-blender for 5 minutes. Core tablets (299.68 mg) were compressed using a GlobePharma Minipress II rotary tablet press with 11/32″ round concave tooling. The core tablets had a final mean hardness of approximately 11 kp. For the coating, an aqueous suspension was prepared by mixing with an impeller 578.7 g methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, 9.0 g triethyl citrate, 86.5 g PlasACRYL™ T20 with 325.8 g water. The water contained in the methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion and the

PlasACRYL™ T20 is removed during the film coating process and therefore not included in the final formulation in Table 4. The tablets were coated with the aqueous suspension in the O’ Hara Technologies Labcoat M coater until the desired weight gain of enteric film was achieved. The coating process occurred at an inlet temperature of approximately 41 °C and an outlet temperature of 31 °C. After coating, the tablets were dried for 2 hours at 40 °C.

…………………………

WO 2014071371

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2014071371A1?cl=en

(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate has the following chemical structure:

This compound was synthesized in Example 1 of Gangakhedkar et al., U.S. Patent No. 8,148,414. The compound is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) and has a disclosed melting point of between 53 °C and 56 °C.

Cocrystals are crystals that contain two or more non-identical molecules that form a crystalline structure. The intermolecular interactions between the non-identical molecules in the resulting crystal structures can result in physical and chemical properties that differ from the properties of the individual components. Such properties can include, for example, melting point, solubility, chemical stability, mechanical properties and others. Examples of cocrystals may be found in the Cambridge Structural Database and in Etter, et al.,

“The use of cocrystallization as a method of studying hydrogen bond preferences of 2-aminopyridine” J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. (1990), 589-591 ; Etter, et al., “Graph-set analysis of hydrogen-bond patterns in organic crystals” Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, Struct. Sci. (1990), B46: 256-262; and Etter, et al., “Hydrogen bond directed cocrystallization and molecular recognition properties of diarylureas” J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1990), 1 12: 8415-8426. Additional information relating to cocrystals can be found in: Carl Henrik Gorbotz and Hans-Petter Hersleth,

“On the inclusion of solvent molecules in the crystal structures of organic compounds”; Acta Cryst. (2000), B56: 625-534; and Senthil Kumar, et al., “Molecular Complexes of Some Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids with trans-1 ,4,-Dithiane-1 ,4-dioxide” American Chemical Society, Crystal Growth & Design (2002) , 2(4) : 313-318.

(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate. Once administered, the compound is metabolized in vivo into an active metabolite, namely, methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) which is also referred to herein as monomethyl fumarate (MMF). The in vivo metabolism of (N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl

(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl Methyl hydrogen fumarate N ^ diethyl glycolamide

(2E)but-2-ene-1 ,4-dioate

Table 1

As can be seen from the data in Table 1 , the six cocrystals disclosed herein each exhibit a higher melting point than crystalline (N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-1 ,4- dioate.

…………………………….

Steady state pharmacokinetics of formulations of XP23829, a novel prodrug of monomethyl fumarate (MMF), in healthy subjects
66th Annu Meet Am Acad Neurol (AAN) (April 26-May 3, Philadelphia) 2014, Abst P1.188

………………………………….

Lymphocyte and eosinophil responses in healthy subjects dosed with Tecfidera and XP23829, a novel fumaric acid ester (FAE)
66th Annu Meet Am Acad Neurol (AAN) (April 26-May 3, Philadelphia) 2014, Abst P1.201

………………………..

A comparison of XP23829 with DMF, the active ingredient of BG-12
4th Cooperative Meet Consorti Mult Scler Cent (CMSC) Am Comm Treat Res Mult Scler (ACTRIMS) (May 30-June 2, San Diego) 2012, Abst SC03

 http://annualmeeting.mscare.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=174&Itemid=101

…………………………..

Favorable metabolism and pharmacokinetics of formulations of XP23829, a novel fumaric acid ester, in healthy subjects
65th Annu Meet Am Acad Neurol (AAN) (March 16-23, San Diego) 2013, Abst P05.189

…………………………………..

Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of a novel methyl hydrogenfumarate prodrug with dimethyl fumarate in rodent EAE and GI irritation models
Neurology 2011, 76(9): Abst P05.040

A VAPOURTEC POST

http://www.vapourtec.co.uk/products/eseriessystem/pumping/organometallic

Philip R D Murray 1 Duncan L Browne 1 Julio C Pastre 1,2 Chris Butters 3 Duncan Guthrie 3 Steven V Ley 1

¹ Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
² Instituto de Quí­mica, University of Campinas, Brazil
³ Vapourtec Ltd, UK

http://www.vapourtec.co.uk/products/eseriessystem/pumping/organometallic

A new enabling-technology for the pumping of organometallic reagents such as n-butyllithium, Grignard reagents and DIBAL-H is reported, which utilizes a newly developed chemically-resistant peristaltic pumping system. Several representative examples of its use in common transformations using these reagents, including metal-halogen exchange, addition, addition-elimination, conjugate addition and partial reduction are reported, along with examples of telescoping of the anionic reaction products. This platform allows for truly continuous pumping of these highly reactive substances and examples are demonstrated over periods of several hours, to generate multi-gram quantities of products. This work culminates in an approach to the telescoped synthesis of (E/Z)-Tamoxifen using continuous-flow organometallic reagent mediated transformations………..http://www.vapourtec.co.uk/products/eseriessystem/pumping/organometallic.

For description see at synfacts

https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0033-1340505

Contributor: Philip Kocienski

Philip Kocienski, Professor of Organic Chemistry.

https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0033-1340505

Bao H, Bayeh L, Tambar UK * The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
Catalytic Enantioselective Allylic Amination of Olefins for the Synthesis of ent-Sitagliptin.

Synlett 2013;
24: 2459-2463

gsk 2262167

CAS,  1165924-28-6 FREE FORM

1165923-54-5 NA SALT

1458576-13-0  MONOHYDRATE

Glaxo Group Ltd,

C₂₅ H₂₆ N₄ O₄

3-[6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoate

2(1H)​-​ Isoquinolinepropanoi​c acid, 6-​[5-​[3-​cyano-​4-​(1-​methylethoxy)​phenyl]​-​1,​2,​4-​oxadiazol-​3-​ yl]​-​3,​4-​dihydro-​5-​methyl-

3-[6-(5-{3-Cyano-4-[(1 -methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl- 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoic acid

Sphingosine 1 -phosphate (S1 P) is a bioactive lipid mediator formed by the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases and is found in high levels in the blood. It is produced and secreted by a number of cell types, including those of hematopoietic origin such as platelets and mast cells (Okamoto et al 1998 J Biol Chem 273(42):27104; Sanchez and HIa 2004, J Cell Biochem 92:913). It has a wide range of biological actions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, vascularisation, and activation of inflammatory cells and platelets (Pyne and Pyne 2000, Biochem J. 349: 385). Five subtypes of S1 P responsive receptor have been described, S1 P1 (Edg-1 ), S1 P2 (Edg-5), S1 P3 (Edg-3), S1 P4 (Edg-6), and S1 P5 (Edg-8), forming part of the G-protein coupled endothelial differentiation gene family of receptors (Chun et al 2002 Pharmacological Reviews 54:265, Sanchez and HIa 2004 J Cellular Biochemistry, 92:913). These 5 receptors show differential mRNA expression, with S1 P1-3 being widely expressed, S1 P4 expressed on lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues and S1 P5 primarily in brain and to a lower degree in spleen. They signal via different subsets of G proteins to promote a variety of biological responses (Kluk and HIa 2002 Biochem et Biophysica Acta 1582:72, Sanchez and HIa 2004, J Cellular Biochem 92:913).

Proposed roles for the S1 P1 receptor include lymphocyte trafficking, cytokine induction/suppression and effects on endothelial cells (Rosen and Goetzl 2005 Nat Rev Immunol. 5:560). Agonists of the S1 P1 receptor have been used in a number of autoimmune and transplantation animal models, including Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomelitis (EAE) models of MS, to reduce the severity of the induced disease (Brinkman et al 2003 JBC 277:21453; Fujino et al 2003 J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305:70; Webb et al 2004 J Neuroimmunol 153:108; Rausch et al 2004 J Magn Reson Imaging 20:16). This activity is reported to be mediated by the effect of S1 P1 agonists on lymphocyte circulation through the lymph system. Treatment with S1 P1 agonists results in the sequestration of lymphocytes within secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, inducing a reversible peripheral lymphopoenia in animal models (Chiba et al 1998, J Immunology 160:5037, Forrest et al 2004 J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:758; Sanna et al 2004 JBC 279:13839). Published data on agonists suggests that compound treatment induces loss of the S1 P1 receptor from the cell surface via internalisation (Graler and Goetzl 2004 FASEB J 18:551 ; Matloubian et al 2004 Nature 427:355; Jo et al 2005 Chem Biol 12:703) and it is this reduction of S1 P1 receptor on immune cells which contributes to the reduction of movement of T cells from the lymph nodes back into the blood stream.

S1 P1 gene deletion causes embryonic lethality. Experiments to examine the role of the S1 P1 receptor in lymphocyte migration and trafficking have included the adoptive transfer of labelled S1 P1 deficient T cells into irradiated wild type mice. These cells showed a reduced egress from secondary lymphoid organs (Matloubian et al 2004 Nature 427:355).

S1 P1 has also been ascribed a role in endothelial cell junction modulation (Allende et al 2003 102:3665, Blood Singelton et al 2005 FASEB J 19:1646). With respect to this endothelial action, S1 P1 agonists have been reported to have an effect on isolated lymph nodes which may be contributing to a role in modulating immune disorders. S1 P1 agonists caused a closing of the endothelial stromal ‘gates’ of lymphatic sinuses which drain the lymph nodes and prevent lymphocyte egress (Wei wt al 2005, Nat. Immunology 6:1228).

The immunosuppressive compound FTY720 (JP1 1080026-A) has been shown to reduce circulating lymphocytes in animals and man, have disease modulating activity in animal models of immune disorders and reduce remission rates in relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (Brinkman et al 2002 JBC 277:21453, Mandala et al 2002 Science 296:346, Fujino et al 2003 J Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 305:45658, Brinkman et al 2004 American J Transplantation 4:1019, Webb et al

2004 J Neuroimmunology 153:108, Morris et al 2005 EurJ Immunol 35:3570, Chiba

2005 Pharmacology and Therapeutics 108:308, Kahan et al 2003, Transplantation 76:1079, Kappos et al 2006 New Eng J Medicine 335:1124). This compound is a prodrug that is phosphorylated in vivo by sphingosine kinases to give a molecule that has agonist activity at the S1 P1 , S1 P3, S1 P4 and S1 P5 receptors. Clinical studies have demonstrated that treatment with FTY720 results in bradycardia in the first 24 hours of treatment (Kappos et al 2006 New Eng J Medicine 335:1124). The bradycardia is thought to be due to agonism at the S1 P3 receptor, based on a number of cell based and animal experiments. These include the use of S1 P3 knock- out animals which, unlike wild type mice, do not demonstrate bradycardia following FTY720 administration and the use of S1 P1 selective compounds (Hale et al 2004 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 14:3501 , Sanna et al 2004 JBC 279:13839, Koyrakh et al 2005 American J Transplantation 5:529).

Hence, there is a need for S1 P1 receptor agonist compounds with selectivity over S1 P3 which might be expected to show a reduced tendency to induce bradycardia.

The following patent applications describe oxadiazole derivatives as S1 P1 agonists: WO03/105771 , WO05/058848, WO06/047195, WO06/100633, WO06/115188, WO06/131336, WO07/024922 and WO07/1 16866.

The following patent applications describe tetrahydroisoquinolinyl-oxadiazole derivatives as S1 P receptor agonists: WO06/064757, WO06/001463, WO04/1 13330.

………………………

paper

A fit for purpose approach has been adopted in order to develop a robust, scalable route to the S1P₁ receptor agonist, GSK2263167. The key steps include a Robinson ring annulation followed by a Saegusa oxidation, providing rapid access to an advanced phenol intermediate. Despite the use of stoichiometric palladium acetate for the Saegusa oxidation, near complete recovery of the palladium has been demonstrated. The remaining steps have been optimised including the removal of all chromatography. An alternative to the Saegusa oxidation is described as well as the development of a flow process to facilitate further scale-up of the amidoxime preparation using hydroxylamine at elevated temperature.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op400162p?tokenDomain=campaign&tokenAccess=noteworthy&forwardService=showFullText&journalCode=oprdfk

AND

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/op400162p/suppl_file/op400162p_si_001.pdf

………………………….

Will watson

http://www.allfordrugs.com/scientific-update/

WILL WATSON in  ACS noteworthy chemistry wrote

http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/noteworthy-chemistry/2014-archive/june-23.html

Researchers make a profit from a pilot plant reaction. R. H. Harris and co-workers at GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (Stevenage, UK) developed a “fit-for-purpose” method for scaling up the synthesis of a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist. They shortened the route to the 5-hydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline intermediate from eight to two steps by carrying out a Robinson annulation on N-Boc-4-piperidone followed by aromatization of the cyclohexane ring. (Boc is tert-butoxycarbonyl.)

The authors found, however, that only a Saegusa oxidation that uses stoichiometric quantities of Pd(OAc)₂ catalyst gives good conversion in the aromatization. Optimizing the workup by adding HCO₂K at the end of the reaction to reduce the Pd(II) and precipitate the palladium as Pd(0) made it possible to recover 10.3 kg of the 10.5kg of palladium used in the pilot plant.

The price of palladium doubled during the campaign, so GlaxoSmithKline sold the palladium back to supplier Johnson Matthey at a profit of UK£62,500. Subsequently, the authors developed a more economical CuBr₂-mediated aromatization reaction. (Org. Process Res. Dev. 2013, 17, 1239–1246; Will Watson)

………………………

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2011), 2(6), 444-449.

paper

Gilenya (fingolimod, FTY720) was recently approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of patients with remitting relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). It is a potent agonist of four of the five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P₁ and S1P₃₋₅). It has been postulated that fingolimod’s efficacy is due to S1P₁ agonism, while its cardiovascular side effects (transient bradycardia and hypertension) are due to S1P₃ agonism. We have discovered a series of selective S1P₁ agonists, which includes 3-[6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoate, 20, a potent, S1P₃-sparing, orally active S1P₁ agonist. Compound20 is as efficacious as fingolimod in a collagen-induced arthritis model and shows excellent pharmacokinetic properties preclinically. Importantly, the selectivity of 20 against S1P₃ is responsible for an absence of cardiovascular signal in telemetered rats, even at high dose levels.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ml2000214

Discovery of a Selective S1P₁ Receptor Agonist Efficacious at Low Oral Dose and Devoid of Effects on Heart Rate

–

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2011), 54(19), 6724-6733

 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm200609t

Discovery of a Brain-Penetrant S1P₃-Sparing Direct Agonist of the S1P₁ and S1P₅ Receptors Efficacious at Low Oral Dose

Emmanuel H. Demont*†, Sandra Arpino‡, Rino A. Bit†, Colin A. Campbell†, Nigel Deeks†, Sapna Desai‡, Simon J. Dowell‡, Pam Gaskin†, James R. J. Gray†, Lee A. Harrison†, Andrea Haynes†, Tom D. Heightman§, Duncan S. Holmes†, Philip G. Humphreys†, Umesh Kumar†, Mary A. Morse†, Greg J. Osborne‡, Terry Panchal†, Karen L. Philpott§, Simon Taylor†, Robert Watson†, Robert Willis†, and Jason Witherington†

^†Immuno Inflammation Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, ^‡Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom

Neurology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, United Kingdom

J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54 (19), pp 6724–6733

DOI: 10.1021/jm200609t

Publication Date (Web): August 15, 2011

Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

Telephone: + 44 1438 764319. Fax: + 44 1438 768302. E-mail: emmanuel.h.demont@gsk.com.

Abstract

Introduction

---

2-Amino-2-(4-octylphenethyl)propane-1,3-diol 1 (Fingolimod, FTY720, Figure 1)(1) has been recently marketed in the United States for the treatment of patients with remitting relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Administration of 1 leads to the sequestration of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs and consequently to a reduction of lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood. 1 is phosphorylated in vivo by sphingosine kinase-2(2, 3) to form FTY720-P 2, a potent agonist of four of the five G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P₁, S1P_3–5) associated with the lysolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) 3. Agonism of the S1P₁ receptor by S1P is required to induce egress of T cells from lymphoid organs and 2 acts as a functional antagonist by internalizing the receptor.(4, 5) The cardiovascular side effects observed in treated patients (bradycardia and hypertension) have been linked to partial agonism of the S1P₃ receptor,(6, 7) although more recent findings from human studies indicate that S1P₁ may mediate the transient effects on heart rate.(8) Owing to its lipophilic nature, 1 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)(9) where 2 interacts with S1P receptors present on astrocytes (S1P₁) and on oligodendrocytes (S1P₅). Recent publications suggest this may play a role in fingolimod’s efficacy in the treatment of patients with RRMS.(10, 11)

Excellent (>1000 fold) selectivity over S1P₃ can be achieved with agonists such as AMG 369(15)6 or PF-991(16)7, but these molecules, as our own S1P₃-sparing agonist 8(17) (Table 1), are zwitterions and are therefore likely to have poor CNS penetration. (18) Typically, in our hands, 8 proved to be a P-gp substrate (with an efflux ratio in a human MDR1 transfected MDCK type 2 cell line of 0.5 and 6.0 in the presence and absence of a P-gp inhibitor, respectively). Interestingly, 8 shows no activity at S1P₂ and S1P₄, and is a partial agonist of the S1P₅ receptor with similar potency to that at S1P₁.(19)

Table 1. Activity of 2 and 8 at S1P_1-5 Receptors

	pEC50 (maximum activation %)
human receptor (assay)a	2b	8
S1P1 (β-arrestin)	7.7 (99), n = 44	8.25 (94), n = 13
S1P2 (yeast)	<4.5, n = 5	<4.48 (01), n = 6
S1P3 (GTPγS)	8.3 (62), n = 38	<4.5 (35), n = 6
S1P4 (aequorin)	6.7 (48), n = 2	<4.38 (03), n = 4
S1P5 (aequorin)	7.2 (62), n = 2	6.79 (77), n = 6

a

See the Supporting Information for details.

b

For comparative published values, see ref 35.

……………

WO 2009080724

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009080724A1?cl=en

Example 11

2-[(1 -Methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile trifluoroacetic acid salt

Trifluoroacetic acid (3ml) was added to an ice cooled solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 6- (5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro- 2(1 H)-isoquinolinecarboxylate (Preparation 22; 486mg, 1.02mmol) in dichloromethane (3ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at O⁰C for 30 minutes. The solvent was evaporated and the residue co-evaporated from toluene (x2). Trituration of the residue with diethyl ether gave the title compound as a colourless solid which was filtered off and dried (485mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI₃) δ: 1.48 (6H, d), 2.54 (3H, s), 3.09 (2H, m), 3.5 (2H, obscured by residual solvent), 4.36 (2H, s), 4.80 (1 H, m), 7.08-7.15 (2H, m), 7.85 (1 H, d), 8.33 (1 H, d), 8.42 (1 H, s), 10.20 (2H, br s). MS m/z 375 [MH]⁺.

Example 13 3-[6-(5-{3-Cyano-4-[(1 -methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl- 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoic acid sodium salt

2M sodium hydroxide (2ml) was added to a solution of ethyl 3-[6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1- methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1 H)- isoquinolinyl]propanoate (Preparation 24; 80mg, 0.17mmol) in ethanol (2ml) at 6O⁰C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 6O⁰C for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (2ml). The solid was filtered off, washed with a small amount of water and dried to give the title compound as a colourless solid (55mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, deDMSO) δ: 1.39 (6H, d), 2.08 (2H, t), 2.44 (3H, s), 2.59-2.78 (6H, m), 3.56 (2H, s), 4.98 (1 H, m), 7.09 (1 H, d), 7.55 (1 H, d), 7.65 (1 H, d), 8.40 (1 H, dd), 8.50 (1 H, s). MS m/z 447 [MH]⁺.

……….

SEE

CN 103251950

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103251950A?cl=en

……..

WO 2010146105

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2010146105A1?cl=en

Preparation 12

6-(5-{3-chloro-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride

CIH

To a solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 6-(5-{3-chloro-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1 H)-isoquinolinecarboxylate (1.85g, 3.8 mmol, WO 2009080724) in 1 ,4-dioxane (10ml) at room temperature under nitrogen was added slowly hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (4N, 30ml, 120 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3.5h. Removal of the solvent and co-evaporation of the residue with diethyl ether gave 6-(5-{3-chloro-4-[(1- methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (1.65g, 103%) as a white solid. LCMS (Method HpH): Retention time 1.43min, MH⁺ = 384

Preparation 25

2-[(1 -Methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride

To a solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1 H)-isoquinolinecarboxylate (Preparation 24) (3.4g, 7.2 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (20ml) at room temperature under nitrogen was added a hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (4M, 17.9ml, 72 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 5.5h, stored in a freezer overnight and then concentrated. The residue was co-evaporated with diethyl ether to give 2-[(1- methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride (2.88g, 98%) as a white solid. LCMS (Method HpH): Retention time 1.21 min, MH⁺ = 375

Preparation 25: alternative procedure

2-[(1 -Methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile trifluoroacetate

Trifluoroacetic acid (15ml) was added to an ice cooled solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4- dihydro-2(1 H)-isoquinolinecarboxylate (Preparation 24) (2.9g, 6.1 mmol) in DCM (20ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0⁰C for 1 h and the solvent evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with toluene (x2) and triturated with diethyl ether. The solid was isolated by filtration and washed with diethyl ether to give 2-[(1- methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl]benzonitrile trifluoroacetate (2.7g, 90%) as a colourless solid. LCMS (Method formate): Retention time 0.90min, MH⁺ = 375

1 H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δH 9.16(2H, bs), 8.51 ,(1 H, d), 8.40(1 H, dd), 7.78(1 H, d), 7.57(1 H, d), 7.29(1 H, d), 4.98(1 H, m), 4.38(2H, s), 3.49(2H, partially obscured by water), 2.99(2H, t), 2.47(3H, s), 1.39(6H, d).

Preparation 25: alternative procedure

2-[(1 -methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5-methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride

1 ,1-Dimethylethyl 6-(5-{3-cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)- 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1 H)-isoquinolinecarboxylate (Preparation 24) (50.Og, 1 10 mmol) in DCM (150ml) was added drop-wise to hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (4M, 263ml, 1 100 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 2h at room temperature, giving a pale yellow suspension. The mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (500ml), stirred for 20min. Then solid was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether (3x 100ml) and dried in vacuo at 55°C overnight to give 2-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]-5-[3-(5- methyl-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]benzonitrile hydrochloride (39.8g, 92%) as white solid.

LCMS (Method HpH): Retention time 1.22min, MH⁺ = 375

1 H NMR (D₆-DMSO) includes: δH 9.49(2H, bs), 8.51 (1 H, d), 8.40(1 H, dd), 7.77(1 H, d), 7.56(1 H, d), 7.29(1 H, d), 4.98(1 H, m), 4.35(2H, m), 3.44-3.36(2H, largely obscured by water), 3.00(2H, t), 2.47(3H, s), 1.39(6H, d).

Preparation 27

3-[6-(5-{3-Cyano-4-[(1 -methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl- 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoic acid sodium salt

Sodium hydroxide (2M, 1 ml) was added to a stirred solution of ethyl 3-[6-(5-{3-cyano- 4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 _!2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1 H)- isoquinolinyl]propanoate (Preparation 26) (200mg, 0.42 mmol) in ethanol (1 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50⁰C for 1 h then cooled and the ethanol evaporated. The residue was diluted with water (2ml) and stirred for 15min. The precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum to give 3-[6-(5-{3- cyano-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro- 2(1 H)-isoquinolinyl]propanoic acid sodium salt (150mg, 76%) as a colourless solid. LCMS (Method formate): Retention time 0.92min, MH⁺ = 447

……….

SEE

Xenobiotica (2012), 42(7), 671-686

………

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2010146105A1	Jun 17, 2010	Dec 23, 2010	Glaxo Group Limited	S1p1 agonists comprising a bicyclic n-containing ring
US8222245	Dec 19, 2008	Jul 17, 2012	Glaxo Group Limited	Oxadiazole derivatives active on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)
US8263620	Dec 19, 2008	Sep 11, 2012	Glaxo Group Limited	Oxadiazole derivatives active on sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP)
US8329730	Apr 29, 2009	Dec 11, 2012	Glaxo Group Limited	Compounds

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