BMS-986020

AM-152; BMS-986020; BMS-986202

cas 1257213-50-5
Chemical Formula: C29H26N2O5
Molecular Weight: 482.536

(R)-1-(4′-(3-methyl-4-(((1-phenylethoxy)carbonyl)amino)isoxazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-(4′-(3-methyl-4-((((1R)-1-phenylethoxy)carbonyl)amino)-5-isoxazolyl)(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl)-

1-(4′-(3-Methyl-4-(((((R)-1-phenylethyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)isoxazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

UNII: 38CTP01B4L

For treatment for pulmonary fibrosis, phase 2, The lysophosphatidic acid receptor, LPA₁, has been implicated as a therapeutic target for fibrotic disorders

Lysophospholipids (LPs), including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phospate (S1P), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), are bioactive lipids that transduce signals through their specific cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6, S1P1-5, LPI1, and LysoPS1-3, respectively. These LPs and their receptors have been implicated in both physiological and pathophysiological processes such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, fibrosis, pain, cancer, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, bone formation, fertility, organismal development, and other effects on most organ systems.

• Originator Amira Pharmaceuticals
• DeveloperB ristol-Myers Squibb; Duke University
• Class Antifibrotics; Azabicyclo compounds; Carboxylic acids; Small molecules; Tetrazoles
• Mechanism of Action Lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists

• Orphan Drug Status Yes – Fibrosis

• Phase II Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Phase IPsoriasis

Most Recent Events

• 05 May 2016 Bristol-Myers Squibb plans a phase I trial for Psoriasis in Australia (PO, Capsule, Liquid) (NCT02763969)
• 01 May 2016 Preclinical trials in Psoriasis in USA (PO) before May 2016
• 14 Mar 2016 Bristol-Myers Squibb withdraws a phase II trial for Systemic scleroderma in USA, Canada, Poland and United Kingdom (PO) (NCT02588625)

BMS-986020, also known as AM152 and AP-3152 free acid, is a potent and selective LPA1 antagonist. BMS-986020 is in Phase 2 clinical development for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMS-986020 selectively inhibits the LPA receptor, which is involved in binding of the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid, which in turn is involved in a host of diverse biological functions like cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, chemotaxis, and tumor cell invasion, among others

PRODUCT PATENT

GB 2470833, US 20100311799, WO 2010141761

Hutchinson, John Howard; Seiders, Thomas Jon; Wang, Bowei; Arruda, Jeannie M.; Roppe, Jeffrey Roger; Parr, Timothy

Assignee: Amira Pharmaceuticals Inc, USA

John Hutchinson

PATENTS

WO 2011159632

WO 2011159635

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2013025733&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

WO 2013025733

Synthesis of Compound 74

Synthetic Route (Scheme XLV)

Compound 74 Compound 74a

[0562] Compound XLV-1 was prepared by the same method as described in the synthesis of compound 1-4 (Scheme 1-A).

[0563] To a solution of compound XLV-1 (8 g, 28.08 mmol) in dry toluene (150 mL) was added compound XLV-2 (1.58 g, 10.1 mmol), triethylamine (8.0 mL) and DPPA (9.2 g, 33.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 80 °C for 3 hours. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA = 10 IX) to give compound XLV-3 (9.4 g, yield: 83 %). MS (ESI) m/z (M+H)⁺402.0.

[0564] Compound 74 was prepared analogously to the procedure described in the synthesis of Compound 28 and was carried through without further characterization.

[0565] Compound 74a was prepared analogously to the procedure described in the synthesis of Compound 44a. Compound 74a: 1HNMR (DMSO-d₆ 400MHz) δ 7.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.32 (m, 7 H), 5.78 (q, 1 H), 2.15 (s, 3 H), 1.52 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.28 (br, 2 H), 0.74 (br, 2 H). MS (ESI) m/z (M+H)⁺ 483.1.

Paper

Development of a Concise Multikilogram Synthesis of LPA-1 Antagonist BMS-986020 via a Tandem Borylation–Suzuki Procedure

Michael J. Smith^* , Michael J. Lawler, Nathaniel Kopp, Douglas D. Mcleod, Akin H. Davulcu, Dong Lin, Kishta Katipally , and Chris Sfouggatakis

Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00301

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00301

*E-mail: michael.smith2@bms.com.

The process development for the synthesis of BMS-986020 (1) via a palladium catalyzed tandem borylation/Suzuki reaction is described. Evaluation of conditions culminated in an efficient borylation procedure using tetrahydroxydiboron followed by a tandem Suzuki reaction employing the same commercially available palladium catalyst for both steps. This methodology addressed shortcomings of early synthetic routes and was ultimately used for the multikilogram scale synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient 1. Further evaluation of the borylation reaction showed useful reactivity with a range of substituted aryl bromides and iodides as coupling partners. These findings represent a practical, efficient, mild, and scalable method for borylation.

¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.19 (dd, J = 6.8, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (dd, J = 6.8, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (br s, 3H), 2.14 (br s, 3H), 5.78 (br s, 1H), 6.9–7.45 (br, 5H), 7.45 (br d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (br d, 2H), 7.82 (br d, 2H), 8.87 (br s, 0.8H), 9.29 (s, 0.2H), 12.39 (br s, 1H). ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.2, 15.8, 22.4, 28.3, 72.8, 113.8, 125.4, 125.6, 126.2, 126.3, 127.1, 127.7, 128.4, 130.9, 137.4, 140.0, 141.5, 142.2, 154.4, 159.6, 160.8, 175.2. HRMS (ESI+) Calculated M + H 483.19145, found 483.19095.

REFERENCES

1: Kihara Y, Mizuno H, Chun J. Lysophospholipid receptors in drug discovery. Exp
Cell Res. 2015 May 1;333(2):171-7. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.020. Epub 2014
Dec 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 25499971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4408218.

//////////////BMS-986020,  AM 152, BMS 986020, BMS 986202, Orphan Drug, BMS, Amira Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Duke University, Antifibrotics, PHASE 2, pulmonary fibrosis

O=C(C1(C2=CC=C(C3=CC=C(C4=C(NC(O[C@H](C)C5=CC=CC=C5)=O)C(C)=NO4)C=C3)C=C2)CC1)O

Enclomiphene citrate, New patent, WO 2017182097, F.I.S. – FABBRICA ITALIANA SINTETICI S.P.A

WO-2017182097

F.I.S. – FABBRICA ITALIANA SINTETICI S.P.A

CARUANA, Lorenzo; (IT).
PADOVAN, Pierluigi; (IT).
DAL SANTO, Claudio; (IT)

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017182097&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

Enclomiphene citrate is an active pharmaceutical ingredient currently under evaluation in clinical phase III for the treatment of secondary hypergonadism. Moreover, it also could be potentially used for an adjuvant therapy in hypogonadal men with Type 2 diabetes.

Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I):

has chemical name of Ethanamine, 2-[4-[(1 )-2-chloro-1 ,2-diphenyl ethenyl]phenoxy]-/V,/V-diethyl-, 2-hydroxy-1 ,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1 : 1 ); has CAS RN. 7599-79-3, and it is also named trans-Clomiphene monocitrate, E-Clomiphene citrate or Enclomiphene monocitrate.

Enclomiphene is component of Clomiphene, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, having chemical name Ethanamine, 2-[4-(2-chloro-1 ,2- diphenylethenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-diethyl, since Clomiphene is a mixture of the geometric isomers trans-Clomiphene (i.e. Enclomiphene) and cis- Clomiphene.

The US patent 3,848,030, in examples 31 and 32, discloses a process for the resolution of the geometric isomers of Clomiphene through the preparation of salts with racemic binaphthyl-phosphoric acid.

In the later publication Acta Cryst. (1976), B32, pag. 291 -293, the actual geometric isomery has been definitely established by single crystal X-Ray diffraction.

Finally, in the publication “Analytical profiles of drug substances and excipients”, vol. 25, (1998), pag. 85-121 , in particular at pag. 99, it is stated that prior to 1976 the cis stereochemistry was wrongly assigned to the trans-isomer of Clomiphene (E-Chlomiphene or Enclomiphene), and only after the above publication on Acta Cryst. the correct geometric isomery has been definitively assigned.

These observations in the prior art have been confirmed by our experimentation. In particular, repeating the experiment 31 of US patent 3,848,030, the trans-Clomiphene salt with racemic binaphthyl-phosphoric acid was isolated and not the salt with cis-Clomiphene as stated in said patent, as confirmed by 2D H-NMR analysis (NOESY experiment). Thus, Example 31 of US3,848,030, provides, at the end, Enclomiphene citrate, crystallized from a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol, having a m.p. of 133-135°C. Example 32, instead provided Cis-Clomiphene citrate, crystallized from a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol, having a m.p. of 120-126°C.

Thus, with the aim of preparing Enclomiphene citrate, whole experiment 31 of US3,848,030 has been reworked also carrying out the crystallization of the product form a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol, hence providing a not crystalline solid with two DSC peaks respectively at 1 14°C and 188°C, although the starting material used for the reworking example was quite a pure substance (HPLC Analysis (A A%) is 98.95% of Enclomiphene), and having a substantially the same chemical purity of that used in the prior art experiment (m.p. of our Enclomiphene BPA salt was 218°C versus 220- 222°C of the prior art Enclomiphene BPA salt of Example 31 ).

The patent US2,914,563, in example 3, discloses a process for the preparation of trans-Clomiphene citrate, containing from 30% to 50% of cis-Clomiphene, as citrate, by reaction of 1 -ρ-(β- diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2-diphenylethylene hydrochloride with N- chlorosuccinimmide in dry chloroform under reflux.

Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal (1984), 18(1 1 ), 1318-24 English translation in the review Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal November 1984, Volume 18, Issue 1 1 , pag. 758-764 (Title: Synthesis and biological study of the cis- and trans-isomers of Clomiphene citrate and some intermediates of its synthesis) discloses the trans-isomer of Clomiphene citrate, i.e. Enclomiphene citrate, characterized by:

1 H-NMR (MeOD) d 7.4-6.7 (m, 14H); 4.27 (t, 2H, -OCH2); 3.51 (t, 2H, CH2- N); 3.28 (q, 4H, 2xN-CH₂)); 2.73 (2H); 2.78 (2H); 1.31 (t, 6H, 2xN-C-CHs)) Melting point: 138-139°C (98% purity by GLC);

IR spectrum, v cm-¹ (suspension in mineral oil): 3640, 3430, 1720, 1710

(citrate), 1600-1555 (broad band, stilbene system); 750.

UV spectrum: λ max = 243 nm, ε 21 ,800 and λ max 300 nm, ε 1 1 ,400.

These prior art methods for the preparation of Enclomiphene citrate do not allow the preparation of Enclomiphene citrate having needle shaped crystal habit, indeed the crystallization by means of a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol does not provide a crystalline solid having needle crystals.

Moreover, Enclomiphene citrate was described in literature with different melting points, in particular, 133-135°C and 138-139°C. Said solid forms of Enclomiphene citrate fail to comply with stabilities studies and furthermore show relatively poor solubility in water either in neutral or acid pH.

Furthermore, the prior art methods have the drawbacks related to the poor reproducibility of the process and of the solid form thus obtained.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

The starting material Clomiphene citrate can be prepared according to well-known prior art methods, or for example, as described in the example 1 of PCT/EP2015/074746 or can be purchased on the market.

[00190] Example 1 : Preparation of salt of Enclomiphene with racemic binaphthyl- phosphoric acid, starting from Clomiphene citrate.

Clomiphene citrate

[00191] A round bottom flask was charged 100 gr of Clomiphene Citrate (HPLC analysis (A/A%): 65.21 % Enclomiphene, 34.06% Z-Clomiphene) and 1000 mL of methanol. The suspension was stirred at 30°C up the complete

dissolution. Then a solution of racemic binaphthyl-phosphoric acid (abbreviated BPA) 30 gr (0.515 eq) in 30 ml_ of DMF was added. At the end of addition the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 30°C. The obtained suspension was filtered and the solid was washed with 100 ml_ of methanol.

[00192] 50.4 gr of Enclomiphene BPA salt (III) were obtained.

[00193] HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 97.04% Enchlomiphene, 2.5% Z-Clomiphene.

[00194] Example 1 b: Preparation of salt of Enclomiphene with racemic binaphthyl- phosphoric acid, starting from Clomiphene citrate.

[00195] A round bottom flask was charged 50 gr of Clomiphene Citrate and 500 ml_ of methanol. The suspension was heated at 40-45°C and stirred up to the complete dissolution. Then a solution of BPA 15 gr (0.515 eq) in 300 ml_ of methanol was added. At the end of addition the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 20°C. The obtained suspension was filtered and the solid was washed with 100 ml_ of methanol.

24.1 gr of Enclomiphene BPA salt were obtained.

HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 98.96% Enchlomiphene, 0.69% Z-Clomiphene.

[00196] Example 1 c: Preparation of salt of Enclomiphene with racemic binaphthyl- phosphoric acid, starting from Clomiphene citrate.

[00197] In a round bottom flask was charged 100 gr of Clomiphene Citrate and 1000 ml_ of methanol. The suspension was heated at 40-45°C and stirred up the complete dissolution. Then a solution of BPA 30 gr (0.515 eq) in 1000 ml_ of methanol was added. At the end of addition the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 20°C. the obtained suspension was filtered and the solid was wash with 100 ml_ of methanol.

47.9 gr of Enclomiphene BPA salt were obtained.

HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 98.81 % Enclomiphene, 0.79% Z-Clomiphene.

[00198] Example 1d: Preparation of salt of Enclomiphene with racemic binaphthyl- phosphoric, starting from Clomiphene citrate.

[00199] In a round bottom flask was charged 150 gr of Clomiphene citrate and 1500 mL of methanol. The suspension was heater at 40-45°C and stirred up the complete dissolution. Then a solution of BPA 45 gr (0.515 eq) in 900 mL of methanol was added. At the end of addition the mixture was

stirred for 1 h at 20°C. the obtained suspension was filtered and the solid was wash with 100 ml_ of methanol.

76.4 gr of E-Clomiphene BPA salt were obtained.

HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 98.82% Enchlomiphene, 0.80% Z-Clomiphene.

[00200] Example 2: Recrystallization of Enclomiphene BPA salt of formula (III) (the step A).

(Ill)

[00201] Into a proper 0.5 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene BPA salt (III) (50 g) and having Z-isomer of 1.64 % was suspended in DMF (2.1 L/Kg of Enclomiphene BPA (III)) and methanol (1.4 L/Kg of Enclomiphene BPA salt (III)). The suspension was heated to reflux (~ 76-79°C). Further DMF (0.1 L/Kg of Enclomiphene BPA (III)) might be required to improve the solubility of the starting material. Once the starting material was completely dissolved, methanol was added as anti-solvent (3.5 L/Kg of Enclomiphene BPA (III)). The temperature was decreased to 60°C and the mixture was stirred for 2 – 3 h. Then, the temperature was further decreased to 20 °C and filtered. The wet cake was washed twice with methanol (1.5 L/Kg of Enclomiphene BPA salt (III)). The product was dried under vacuum at 60 – 70 °C for 12 – 24 h. Time of drying could be prolonged until residual DMF is < 2500 ppm.

[00202] Analysis of quality of the final product of the above mentioned example and of the same product, obtained from repetition following the same process, it is shown in the following table:

Enclomiphene BPA (III) salt Enclomiphene BPA (III) salt rixx (Starting product) (finale product)

Z-isomer = 1.64 A/A% Z-isomer = 0.07 A/A%

Z-isomer = 0.79 A/A% Z- isomer = 0.03 A/A%

[00203] Example 3: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having needle shaped crystal habit, starting from Enclomiphene BPA salt formula (III).

(II)

[00204] Into a proper 4 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene BPA salt of formula (III) (400 g, assay 99.8 wt% 0.528 mol, 1 equiv.) was suspended in methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE, 2 L), isopropanol (IPA, 0.5 L) and water (2 L). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, then 0.48 L of ammonia solution 30 wt% was added and the mixture was further stirred for one hour. The aqueous phase was separated and the organic layer was washed with a solution of ammonia solution 30 wt% (0.12 L) and water (0.6 L). The aqueous phase was separated and the organic layer was finally washed with water (0.6 L). The organic solution was evaporated to residue under vacuum at 60-65°C. The residue was dissolved in 1.36 L of absolute ethanol. The assay of the solution was determined at this stage through a potentiometric titration and results in 15.125 wt% as Enclomiphene of formula (II) (0.466 mol). Then 0.24 L of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (100.8 g, 0.475 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (1.7 L) and water (0.3 L), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30- 40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle- shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 0.4 L of absolute ethanol. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 269 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 91.8% molar yield.

[00205] HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 99.79% Enchlomiphene, 0.04% Z-Clomiphene (i.e. Z-isomer).

[00206] Example 4: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit, with a mixture of ethanol and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

(I)

[00207] Into a proper 1 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (15,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0369 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (102 ml_, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 18 ml_ (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (7.92 g, 0.0377 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (127 ml_) and water (23 ml_), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30-40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle-shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 ml_ of absolute ethanol. The product was dried under

vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 20.2 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 91.4% molar yield.

[00208] HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 99.86% Enchlomiphene, 0.03% Z-Clomiphene.

[00209] Example 4a: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit, with a mixture of isopropanol and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

[00210] Into a proper 1 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (40,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0985 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in isopropanol (272 ml_, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 48 ml_ (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (21.10 g, 0.100 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in isopropanol (340 ml_, 8.5 mL/g of free base) and water (60 mL, 1.5 mL/g of free base), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30- 40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle- shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 mL of isopropanol. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 56.5 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 95.9% molar yield.

[0021 1] Example 4b: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit, with a mixture of n-propanol and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

[00212] Into a proper 0.5 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (9,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0985 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in 7-propanol (61 mL, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 1 1 ml_ (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (4.70 g, 0.0224 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in 7-propanol (77 ml_, 8.5 mL/g of free base) and water (14 ml_, 1.5 mL/g of free base), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30- 40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle- shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 mL of 7-propanol I. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 1 1.7 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 88.1 % molar yield

[00213] Example 4c: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit, with a mixture of n-butanol and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

[00214] Into a proper 0.5 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (9,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0985 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in 7-butanol (61 mL, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 1 1 mL (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (4.70 g, 0.0224 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in 7-butanol (77 mL, 8.5 mL/g of free base) and water (14 mL, 1.5 mL/g of free base), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30- 40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle- shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 ml_ of 7-butanol. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 1 1.6 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 87.4% molar yield.

[00215] Example 4d: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit, with a mixture of tert-butanol and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

[00216] Into a proper 0.5 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (9,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0985 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in te T-butanol (61 ml_, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 1 1 ml_ (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (4.70 g, 0.0224 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in te T-butanol (77 ml_, 8.5 mL/g of free base) and water (14 mL, 1.5 mL/g of free base), the solution was heated to 65°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 65°C. The dosage takes place in 30- 40 minutes. The inner temperature was decreased very slowly to 60°C over 80 minutes, then it was further decrease to 55°C over 40 minutes. When the inner temperature was in the range 60-55°C (typically at 58°C), the crystallization mixture was seeded with Enclomiphene citrate needle- shaped and a white product began to precipitate. Once reached 55°C the temperature was further decreased to 30°C over 30 minutes, then to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 mL of te T-butanol. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 1 1.2 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) as needle crystal were isolated, corresponding to 84.4% molar yield.

[00217] Example 5: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a needle shaped crystal habit. Preparation of the seed crystal.

[00218] Into a proper 1 L reactor, equipped with propeller, temperature probes, condenser; Enclomiphene of fomula (II) (15,0 g, assay 99.9 wt% 0.0369 mol, 1 equiv.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (102 ml_, 6.8 mL/g of free base), then 18 ml_ (1.2 mL/g of free base) of water were added and the solution was heated to 65°C. Meanwhile, citric acid monohydrate (7.92 g,

0.0377 mol, 1.02 equiv.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (127 ml_, 8.5 mL/g of free base) and water (23 mL 1.5 mL/g of free base), the solution was heated to 50°C. The solution of citric acid was dropped into the solution of Enclomiphene (II), while maintaining 50°C. The dosage takes place in 30-40 minutes. At the end of the dosage, the stirring was turned off and the mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature without stirring. The product began to crystallize at 40-30°C. Once reached 20- 25°C the stirring was turned on and the temperature was further decreased to 0°C over 30 minutes. The slurry was stirred at 0°C for at least two hours, then it was filtered and the wet cake was washed with 30 mL of absolute ethanol. The product was dried under vacuum at 65°C. At the end of drying, 13.9 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) were isolated, corresponding to 62.3% molar yield

[00219] Example 6: Preparation of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I), having a non-needle shaped crystals, with a mixture of acetone and water, wherein the amount of water is 15%.

Comparative example (see Fig. 8) and evidence example of the invention. Following the same process described in the example 4, substituting ethanol solvent with acetone solvent. Starting from 15,0 g of Enclomiphene of formula (II), following the above mentioned process, 22.3 g of Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) were isolated, corresponding to 94.2% molar yield product. For the morphology of the crystal see fig. 8.

[00220] Indeed, the microscopy analysis provides a better further evidence of the crystal habit of Enclomiphene citrate (I) of the example 6 (see Fig.8) which has a form more different than/to Enclomiphene citrate (I) having a needle shaped crystal habit, obtained according to above described examples,

1. e. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d (see Fig. 5, 6 and 7).

[00221] HPLC Analysis (A/A%): 99.63% Enchlomiphene, 0.20% Z-Clomiphene.

[00222] Example 7: Analytical method to identify and quantify Z-Clomiphene of formula (IV) into Enclomiphene of formula (II) or Enclomiphene citrate of formula (I) or Enclomiphene BPA salt of formula (III) and for determining the chemical purity.

[00223] Chromatographic conditions:

Dim. Column: 250 mm x 4.6 mm , 5 pm

Stationaly phase: Butyl sylane (USP phase L26, Vydac 4C is suggested) Temp. Column: room temperature

Mobile Phase: Methanol / water / triethylamine 55 : 45 : 0.3 v/v

Adjust at pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid

Flow: 1.0 mL/min

Detector UV a 233 nm,

Injection Volume: 10 μΙ_

Sample diluent: mobile phase.

Applying the conditions described above the expected retention times are as indicated below:

/////////////////Enclomiphene citrate, New patent, WO 2017182097, F.I.S. – FABBRICA ITALIANA SINTETICI S.P.A

Enclomiphene

FDA approves new treatment for adults with mantle cell lymphoma

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today granted accelerated approval to Calquence (acalabrutinib) for the treatment of adults with mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least one prior therapy.

“Mantle cell lymphoma is a particularly aggressive cancer,” said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA’s Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “For patients who have not responded to treatment or have relapsed, Calquence provides a new treatment option that has shown high rates of response for some patients in initial studies.” Continue reading.

Secnidazole

• Molecular FormulaC₇H₁₁N₃O₃
• Average mass185.180 Da

Solosec (secnidazole) ; Symbiomix Therapeutics; For the treatment of bacterial vaginosis , Approved September 2017

Secnidazole is a second-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial that is structurally related to other 5-nitroimidazoles including Metronidazole and Tinidazole, but displays improved oral absorption and longer terminal elimination half-life than antimicrobial agents in this class ^[1]. Secnidazole is selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and protozoa. In September 2017, FDA granted approval to secnidazole under the market name Solosec as a single-dose oral treatment for bacterial vaginosis, which is a common vaginal infection in women aged 15 to 44 years. The antimicrobial therapy is only intended to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria ^{[FDA Label]}.

Secnidazole (trade names Flagentyl, Sindose, Secnil) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective. Effectiveness in the treatment of dientamoebiasis has been reported.^[1] It has also been tested against Atopobium vaginae.^[2]

Mechanism of Action

DE 2107405; FR 2079880; GB 1278757; JP 49080066

The condensation of (I) with propylene oxide (A) in ethanol at 20 C gives 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylimidazole (III), which is acetylated with acetyl chloride in refluxing acetonitrile yielding the corresponding acetate (IV). The nitration of (IV) by means of HNO3 and P2O5 affords 1-(2-acetoxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (V), which is finally hydrolyzed with 4N HCl at 90 C

CH 513177; DE 2107423; FR 2079879; GB 1278758; NL 7101641

The reaction of (I) with chloroacetone (C) by means of K2CO3 in refluxing acetone gives (2-methylimidazol-1-yl)acetone (VI), which is nitrated with HNO3 and P2O5 affording the corresponding nitro compound (VII). Finally, this product is reduced with NaBH4 in methanol at room temperature.

The nitration of (I) with HNO3 and H2SO4 gives 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole (II), which is then condensed with refluxing 1-chloroisopropanol (B) or with propylene oxide in 85% formic acid (A).

References

External links

• Gillis, J. C.; Wiseman, L. R. (1996). “Secnidazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of protozoal infections and bacterial vaginosis”. Drugs. 51 (4): 621–38. PMID 8706597. doi:10.2165/00003495-199651040-00007.

Secnidazole

Clinical data
Synonyms	PM 185184, RP 14539
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	P01AB07 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name[show]
CAS Number	3366-95-8
PubChem CID	71815
ChemSpider	64839
UNII	R3459K699K
KEGG	D07353
ChEMBL	CHEMBL498847
ECHA InfoCard	100.020.123
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C7H11N3O3
Molar mass	185.180 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

////////////Secnidazole, секнидазол , سيكنيدازول , 塞克硝唑 , FDA 2017, RP-14539, PM-185184, Flagentyl

CC1=NC=C(N1CC(C)O)[N+](=O)[O-]

FDA approves first treatment for certain patients with Erdheim-Chester Disease, a rare blood cancer

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today expanded the approval of Zelboraf (vemurafenib) to include the treatment of certain adult patients with Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD), a rare cancer of the blood. Zelboraf is indicated to treat patients whose cancer cells have a specific genetic mutation known as BRAF V600. This is the first FDA-approved treatment for ECD. Continue reading.

//////Zelboraf, vemurafenib, fda 2017, Erdheim-Chester Disease,

Vemurafenib

Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˌvɛməˈræfənɪb/ VEM-ə-RAF-ə-nib
Trade names	Zelboraf
Synonyms	PLX4032, RG7204, RO5185426
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a612009
License data	EU EMA: by INN US FDA: Vemurafenib
Pregnancy category	AU: D US: D (Evidence of risk)
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	L01XE15 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Identifiers
IUPAC name[show]
CAS Number	918504-65-1
PubChem CID	42611257
IUPHAR/BPS	5893
DrugBank	DB08881
ChemSpider	24747352
UNII	207SMY3FQT
KEGG	D09996
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1229517
PDB ligand	032 (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
ECHA InfoCard	100.226.540
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H18ClF2N3O3S
Molar mass	489.92 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

Vemurafenib (INN, marketed as Zelboraf) is a B-Raf enzyme inhibitor developed by Plexxikon (now part of Daiichi-Sankyo) and Genentech for the treatment of late-stage melanoma.^[1] The name “vemurafenib” comes from V600E mutated BRAF inhibition.

Approvals

Vemurafenib received FDA approval for the treatment of late-stage melanoma on August 17, 2011,^[2] making it the first drug designed using fragment-based lead discovery to gain regulatory approval.^[3]

Vemurafenib later received Health Canada approval on February 15, 2012.^[4]

On February 20, 2012, the European Commission approved vemurafenib as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with BRAF V600E mutation positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer.^[5]

Mechanism of action

Vemurafenib causes programmed cell death in melanoma cell lines.^[6] Vemurafenib interrupts the B-Raf/MEK step on the B-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway − if the B-Raf has the common V600E mutation.

Vemurafenib only works in melanoma patients whose cancer has a V600E BRAF mutation (that is, at amino acid position number 600 on the B-Raf protein, the normal valine is replaced by glutamic acid).^[7] About 60% of melanomas have this mutation. It also has efficacy against the rarer BRAF V600K mutation. Melanoma cells without these mutations are not inhibited by vemurafenib; the drug paradoxically stimulates normal BRAF and may promote tumor growth in such cases.^[8][9]

Resistance

Three mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib (covering 40% of cases) have been discovered:

• Cancer cells begin to overexpress cell surface protein PDGFRB, creating an alternative survival pathway.
• A second oncogene called NRAS mutates, reactivating the normal BRAF survival pathway.^[10]
• Stromal cell secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).^[11][12]

Clinical trials

In a phase I clinical study, vemurafenib (then known as PLX4032) was able to reduce numbers of cancer cells in over half of a group of 16 patients with advanced melanoma. The treated group had a median increased survival time of 6 months over the control group.^{[13][14][15][16]}

A second phase I study, in patients with a V600E mutation in B-Raf, ~80% showed partial to complete regression. The regression lasted from 2 to 18 months.^[17]

In early 2010 a Phase I trial^[18] for solid tumors (including colorectal cancer), and a phase II study (for metastatic melanoma) were ongoing.^[19]

A phase III trial (vs dacarbazine) in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma showed an improved rates of overall and progression-free survival.^[20]

In June 2011, positive results were reported from the phase III BRIM3 BRAF-mutation melanoma study.^[21] The BRIM3 trial reported good updated results in 2012.^[22]

Further trials are planned including a trial of vemurafenib co-administered with GDC-0973 (cobimetinib), a MEK-inhibitor.^[21] After good results in 2014 the combination was submitted to the EC and FDA for marketing approval.^[23]

In January 2015 trial results compared vemurafenib with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for metastatic melanoma.^[24]

Side effects

At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 960 mg twice a day 31% of patients get skin lesions that may need surgical removal.^[1] The BRIM-2 trial investigated 132 patients; the most common adverse events were arthralgia in 58% of patients, skin rash in 52%, and photosensitivity in 52%. In order to better manage side effects some form of dose modification was necessary in 45% of patients. The median daily dose was 1750 mg, 91% of the MTD.^[25]

A trial combining vemurafenib and ipilimumab was stopped in April 2013 because of signs of liver toxicity.^[26]

References

Ubrogepant, MK-1602

(S)-N-((3S,5S,6R)-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2′-oxo-1′,2′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3′-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine]-3-carboxamide

CAS: 1374248-77-7
Chemical Formula: C29H26F3N5O3

Molecular Weight: 549.5542

UNII-AD0O8X2QJR

CAS TRIHYDRATE 1488325-95-6

CAS MONOHYDRATE 1488327-13-4

• Originator Merck & Co
• Class Amides; Antimigraines; Fluorine compounds; Small molecules; Spiro compounds
• Mechanism of Action Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists

• Phase III Migraine, Allergan

Most Recent Events

• 01 Sep 2016 Allergan initiates a phase III extension trial for Migraine in USA (PO, Tablet) (NCT02873221)
• 12 Aug 2016 Allergan plans a phase III trial for Migraine in USA (PO) (NCT02867709)
• 01 Aug 2016 Allergan initiates a phase III trial for Migraine in USA (PO) (NCT02867709)

Process for making piperidinone carboxamide indane and azainane derivatives, which are CGRP receptor antagonists useful for the treatment of migraine. This class of compounds is described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 13/293,166 filed November 10, 2011 , 13/293, 177 filed November 10, 2011 and 13/293,186 filed November 10, 2011, and PCT International Application Nos. PCT/US11/60081 filed November 10, 2011 and PCT/US 11/60083 filed November 10, 2011.

CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide that is generated by tissue-specific alternate processing of calcitonin messehger RNA and is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. CGRP is localized predominantly in sensory afferent and central neurons and mediates several biological actions, including vasodilation. CGRP is expressed in alpha- and beta-forms that vary by one and three amino acids in the rat and human, respectively. CGRP-alpha and CGRP-beta display similar biological properties. When released from the cell, CGRP initiates its biological responses by binding to specific cell surface receptors that are predominantly coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase. CGRP receptors have been identified and pharmacologically evaluated in several tissues and cells, including those of brain, cardiovascular, endothelial, and smooth muscle origin.

Based on pharmacological properties, these receptors are divided into at least two subtypes, denoted CGRPi and CGRP2. Human oc-CGRP-(8-37), a fragment of CGRP that lacks seven N-terminal amino acid residues, is a selective antagonist of CGRP l, whereas the linear analogue of CGRP, diacetoamido methyl cysteine CGRP ([Cys(ACM)2,7]CGRP), is a selective agonist of CGRP2. CGRP is a potent neuromodulator that has been implicated in the pathology of cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine and cluster headache. In clinical studies, elevated levels of CGRP in the jugular vein were found to occur during migraine attacks (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1990, 28, 183-187), salivary levels of CGRP are elevated in migraine subjects between attacks (Bellamy et al., Headache, 2006, 46, 24-33), and CGRP itself has been shown to trigger migrainous headache (Lassen et al., Cephalalgia, 2002, 22, 54-61). In clinical trials, the CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS has been shown to be effective in treating acute attacks of migraine (Olesen et al., New Engl. J. Med., 2004, 350, 1104-1110) and was able to prevent headache induced by CGRP infusion in a control group (Petersen et al., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2005, 77, 202-213).

CGRP-mediated activation of the trigeminovascular system may play a key role in migraine pathogenesis. Additionally, CGRP activates receptors on the smooth muscle of intracranial vessels, leading to increased vasodilation, which is thought to contribute to headache pain during migraine attacks (Lance, Headache Pathogenesis: Monoamines, Neuropeptides, Purines and Nitric Oxide, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, 3-9). The middle meningeal artery, the principle artery in the dura mater, is innervated by sensory fibers from the trigeminal ganglion which contain several neuropeptides, including CGRP. Trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the cat resulted in increased levels of CGRP, and in humans, activation of the trigeminal system caused facial flushing and increased levels of CGRP in the external jugular vein (Goadsby et al, Ann. Neurol., 1988, 23, 193-196). Electrical stimulation of the dura mater in rats increased the diameter of the middle meningeal artery, an effect that was blocked by prior administration of CGRP(8-37), a peptide CGRP antagonist (Williamson et al., Cephalalgia, 1997, 17, 525-531). Trigeminal ganglion stimulation increased facial blood flow in the rat, which was inhibited by CGRP(8-37) (Escott et al., Brain Res. 1995, 669, 93-99). Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in marmoset produced an increase in facial blood flow that could be blocked by the non-peptide CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS (Doods et al., Br. J.Pharmacol., 2000, 129, 420-423). Thus the vascular effects of CGRP may be attenuated, prevented or reversed by a CGRP antagonist.

CGRP-mediated vasodilation of rat middle meningeal artery was shown to sensitize neurons of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Williamson et al., The CGRP Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Amylin, and Adrenomedullin, Landes Bioscience, 2000, 245-247). Similarly, distention of dural blood vessels during migraine headache may sensitize trigeminal neurons. Some of the associated symptoms of migraine, including extracranial pain and facial allodynia, may be the result of sensitized trigeminal neurons (Burstein et al., Ann. Neurol. 2000, 47, 614-624). A CGRP antagonist may be beneficial in attenuating, preventing or reversing the effects of neuronal sensitization.

The ability of the compounds to act as CGRP antagonists makes them useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans. Such disorders include migraine and cluster headache (Doods, Curr Opin Inves Drugs, 2001, 2 (9), 1261-1268; Edvinsson et al., Cephalalgia, 1994, 14, 320-327); chronic tension type headache (Ashina et al., Neurology, 2000, 14, 1335-1340); pain (Yu et al., Eur. J. Pharm., 1998, 347, 275-282); chronic pain (Hulsebosch et al., Pain, 2000, 86, 163-175);neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain (Holzer, Neurosci., 1988, 24, 739-768; Delay-Goyet et al., Acta Physiol. Scanda. 1992, 146, 537-538; Salmon et al., Nature Neurosci., 2001, 4(4), 357-358); eye pain (May et al. Cephalalgia, 2002, 22, 195-196), tooth pain (Awawdeh et al., Int. Endocrin. J., 2002, 35, 30-36), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Molina et al., Diabetes, 1990, 39, 260-265); vascular disorders; inflammation (Zhang et al, Pain, 2001, 89, 265), arthritis, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma, (Foster et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1992, 657, 397-404; Schini et al., Am. J. Physiol., 1994, 267, H2483-H2490; Zheng et al., J. Virol., 1993, 67, 5786-5791); shock, sepsis (Beer et al., Crit. Care Med., 2002, 30 (8), 1794-1798); opiate withdrawal syndrome (Salmon et al., Nature Neurosci., 2001, 4(4), 357-358); morphine tolerance (Menard et al., J. Neurosci., 1996, 16 (7), 2342-2351); hot flashes in men and women (Chen et al., Lancet, 1993, 342, 49; Spetz et al., J. Urology, 2001, 166, 1720-1723); allergic dermatitis (Wallengren, Contact Dermatitis, 2000, 43 (3), 137-143); psoriasis; encephalitis, brain trauma, ischaemia, stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases (Rohrenbeck et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 1999, 6, 15-34); skin diseases (Geppetti and Holzer, Eds., Neurogenic Inflammation, 1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL), neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus (Herzog et al., J. Membrane Biology, 2002, 189(3), 225); inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, (Hoffman et al. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology,2002, 37(4) 414-422) and cystitis. Of particular importance is the acute or prophylactic treatment of headache, including migraine and cluster headache.

Ubrogepant (MK-1602), an oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist, is in phase III clinical development at Allergan for the acute treatment of migraine attacks.

In August 2015, the product was licensed to Allergan by Merck, for the development and marketing worldwide for the treatment of migraine.

Synthesis

WO 2013138418

CONTD………..

CONTD……….

Ian Bell

Principal Scientist at Merck

Mark Fraley

Principal Scientist, Merck

Steven Gallicchio

 WO 2012064910

EXAMPLE 1

(65yN-[(3£5£ )-6-Methyl-2-oxo-5-pheny

i’,2′,5 J-tetrahvdrospiro[cyclopenta|^“^lpyridine-6,3′-pyrroloj^“2,3-¾lpyridine1-3-carboxamide (Benzotriazol- 1 -yloxy)tr/i^,(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (1.89 g, 4.28 mmol) was added to a solution of (6S -2′-oxo- ,2^,,5,7- tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[&]pyridine-6,3′-pyrrolo[2,3-&]pyridine]-3-carboxylic acid (described in Intermediate 1) (1.10 g, 3.92 mmol), (3_JS’,55′,6J?)-3-amino-6-methyl~5~phenyl-l-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)piperidin-2-one hydrochloride (described in Intermediate 4) (1.15 g, 3.56 mmol), and N_jiV-diisopropylethylamine (3.1 1 m.L, 17.8 mmol) in DMF (40 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 23 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (200 mL) and ethyl actetate (3 ^χ 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with hexanes initially, then grading to 100% EtOAc before stepping to 5% MeOH in EtOAc to afford the title compound as an amorphous solid, which was further purified by the following crystallization procedure. A solution of the amorphous product in a minimal amount of methanol required for dissolution was diluted with 10 volumes water, and the resulting slurry was seeded with crystalline product and stirred at 23 °C for 4 h. The solids were filtered, washed with water, and dried under a stream of nitrogen to give the title compound as a crystalline solid. HRMS: m/z = 550.2068, calculated m/z – 550.2061 for C₂₉H27F₃N₅0₃. lH NMR (500 MHz, CDC1₃) δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.17 (dd, 1H, J- 5.4, 1.5 Hz), 8.04 (s₅ 1H), 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.29 (t, 1H, J= 7.3 Hz), 7.21 (d, 2H, J= 7.3 Hz), 7.13 (dd, 1H, J = 7.3, 1.2 Hz), 6.89 (dd, 1H, J = 7.3, 5.4 Hz), 4.99- 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.53 (dt, 1H, J= 10.7, 6.6 Hz), 3.94 (p, 1H, J = 5.9 Hz), 3.78 (d, 1H, J = 17.1 Hz), 3.67 (d, 1H, J- 16.4 Hz), 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.28 (d, 1H, J- 17.1 Hz), 3.17 (d, 1H, J = 16.6 Hz), 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.58 (q, 1H, J – 12.7 Hz), 1.07 (d, 3H, J= 6.6 Hz).

PATENT

WO 2013169348

(5)-N-((3^,5^,6i?)-6-Methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperidine-3-yl)-2^*-oxo- l\2 5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[¾]pyridine-6,3′-pyrrolo[2,3-¾]pyridine]-3-carboxam trihydrate (15)

To a suspension of 11 (465 g, 96% wt, 0.99 mol) in iPAc (4.6 L) was added 5% aqueous K₃PO₄ (4.6 L). The mixture was stirred for 5 min. The organic layer was separated and washed with 5%> aqueous K₃PO₄ (4.6 L) twice and concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in acetonitrile (1.8 L).

To another flask was added 14 (303 g, 91.4 wt%>), acetonitrile (1.8 L) and water (1.8 L) followed by 10 N NaOH (99 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 5 min at room temperature and the chiral amine solution made above was charged to the mixture and the container was rinsed with acetonitrile (900 mL). HOBT hydrate (164 g) was charged followed by EDC hydrochloride (283 g). The mixture was agitated at room temperature for 2.5 h. To the mixture was added iPAc (4.6 L) and organic layer was separated, washed with 5%> aqueous NaHC0₃ (2.3 L) followed by a mixture of 15%> aqueous citric acid (3.2 L) and saturated aqueous NaCl (1.2 L). The resulting organic layer was finally washed with 5%> aqueous NaHC0₃ (2.3 L). The organic solution was concentrated below 50 °C and dissolved in methanol (2.3 L). The solution was slowly added to a mixture of water (6 L) and methanol (600 mL) with ~ 2 g of seed crystal. And the resulting suspension was stirred overnight at room temperature. Crystals were filtered, rinsed with water/methanol (4 L, 10 : 1), and dried under nitrogen flow at room temperature to provide 15 (576 g, 97 % yield) as trihydrate.

Ή NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): δ 10.15 (br s, 1 H), 8.91 (br s, 1 H), 8.21 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (dd, J= 5.3, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.01 (br s, 1 H), 7.39-7.33 (m, 2 H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 1 H), 7.22-7.20 (m, 2 H), 7.17 (dd, J= 7.4, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.88 (dd, J= 7.4, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.94 (dq, J= 9.3, 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.45-4.37 (m, 1 H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.72 (d, J= 17.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.63-3.56 (m, 2 H), 3.38-3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.24 (d, J= 17.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.13 (d, J= 16.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.78 (q, J= 12.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.62-2.56 (m, 1 H), 1.11 (d, J= 6.5 Hz, 3 H); ¹³C NMR (126 MHz, CD₃CN): δ 181.42, 170.63, 166.73, 166.63, 156.90, 148.55, 148.08, 141.74, 135.77, 132.08, 131.09, 130.08, 129.66, 129.56, 128.78, 128.07, 126.25 (q, J= 280.1 Hz), 119.41, 60.14, 53.07, 52.00, 46.41 (q, J= 33.3 Hz), 45.18, 42.80, 41.72, 27.79, 13.46; HRMS m/z: calcd for C₂9H₂₆F₃N₅03 550.2061 (M+H): found 550.2059.

Alternative procedure for 15:

13

To a suspension of 13 (10 g, 98 wt%, 23.2 mmol) in MTBE (70 mL) was added 0.6 N HCI (42 mL). The organic layer was separated and extracted with another 0.6 N HCI (8 mL). The combined aqueous solution was washed with MTBE (10 mL x3). To the resulting aqueous solution was added acetonitrile (35 mL) and 14 (6.66 g, 99 wt%). To the resulting suspension was neutralized with 29 % NaOH solution to pH 6. HOPO (0.26 g) was added followed by EDC hydrochloride (5.34 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6-12 h until the conversion was complete (>99%). Ethanol (30 ml) was added and the mixture was heated to 35 °C. The resulting solution was added over 2 h to another three neck flask containing ethanol (10 mL), water (30 mL) and 15 seeds (0.4 g). Simultaneously, water (70 mL) was also added to the mixture. The suspension was then cooled to 5 °C over 30 min and filtered. The cake was washed with a mixture of ethanol/water (1 :3, 40 mL). The cake was dried in a vacuum oven at 40 °C to give 15 trihydrate (13.7 g, 95%) as crystals.

PATENT

WO 2013138418

PATENT

US 9174989

CLIP

Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonist Ubrogepant

Nobuyoshi Yasuda^*† , Ed Cleator^*‡, Birgit Kosjek^†, Jianguo Yin^†, Bangping Xiang^†, Frank Chen^†, Shen-Chun Kuo^†, Kevin Belyk^†, Peter R. Mullens^‡, Adrian Goodyear^‡, John S. Edwards^‡, Brian Bishop^‡, Scott Ceglia^§, Justin Belardi^§, Lushi Tan^†, Zhiguo J. Song^†, Lisa DiMichele^†, Robert Reamer^†, Fabien L. Cabirol^∥, Weng Lin Tang^∥, and Guiquan Liu^⊥

^† Department of Process Chemistry, MRL, 126 East Lincoln Avenues, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States

^‡ Department of Process Chemistry, MSD Research Laboratories, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertford, Hertfordshire EN11 9BU, United Kingdom

^§ Department of Process Chemistry, MRL, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States

^∥ Codexis, Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States

^⊥ Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201507, China

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00293

*E-mail: nobuyoshi_yasuda@merck.com., *E-mail: edward_cleator@merck.com.

Abstract

The development of a scalable asymmetric route to a new calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist is described. The synthesis of the two key fragments was redefined, and the intermediates were accessed through novel chemistry. Chiral lactam 2 was prepared by an enzyme mediated dynamic kinetic transamination which simultaneously set two stereocenters. Enzyme evolution resulted in an optimized transaminase providing the desired configuration in >60:1 syn/anti. The final chiral center was set via a crystallization induced diastereomeric transformation. The asymmetric spirocyclization to form the second fragment, chiral spiro acid intermediate 3, was catalyzed by a novel doubly quaternized phase transfer catalyst and provided optically pure material on isolation. With the two fragments in hand, development of their final union by amide bond formation and subsequent direct isolation is described. The described chemistry has been used to deliver over 100 kg of our desired target, ubrogepant.

(S)-N-((3S,5S,6R)-6-Methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2′-oxo-1′,2′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3′-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine]-3-carboxamide Trihydrate (1)

REFERENCES

1: Voss T, Lipton RB, Dodick DW, Dupre N, Ge JY, Bachman R, Assaid C, Aurora SK, Michelson D. A phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 2016 Aug;36(9):887-98. doi: 10.1177/0333102416653233. PubMed PMID: 27269043.

/////////////ubrogepant, MK-1602, Phase III,  Migraine

 O=C(C1=CN=C2C(C[C@@]3(C4=CC=CN=C4NC3=O)C2)=C1)N[C@@H]5C(N(CC(F)(F)F)[C@H](C)[C@H](C6=CC=CC=C6)C5)=O

Nefopam

• Molecular Formula C₁₇H₁₉NO
• Average mass 253.339 Da

Nefopam, sold under the brand names Acupan among others, is a painkilling medication. It is primarily used to treat moderate, acuteor chronic pain. ^[3]

It is believed to work in the brain and spinal cord to relieve pain. There it is believed to work via rather unique mechanisms. Firstly it increases the activity of the serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, neurotransmitters involved in, among other things, pain signaling. Secondly, it modulates sodium and calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the release of glutamate, a key neurotransmitter involved in pain processing.^[4

Medical uses

Nefopam has additional action in the prevention of shivering, which may be a side effect of other drugs used in surgery.^[5] Nefopam was significantly more effective than aspirin as an analgesic in one clinical trial,^[6] although with a greater incidence of side effects such as sweating, dizziness and nausea, especially at higher doses.^[7][8] Nefopam is around a third to half the potency and slightly less effective as an analgesic compared to morphine,^[9][10][11] or oxycodone,^[12] but tends to produce fewer side effects, does not produce respiratory depression,^[13] and has much less abuse potential, and so is useful either as an alternative to opioids, or as an adjunctive treatment for use alongside opioid(s) or other analgesics.^[11][14] Nefopam is also used to treat severe hiccups.^[15]

Contraindications

Nefopam is contraindicated in people with convulsive disorders, those that have received treatment with irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine or isocarboxazid within the past 30 days and those with myocardial infarctionpain, mostly due to a lack of safety data in these conditions.^[16]

Side effects

Common side effects include nausea, nervousness, dry mouth, light-headedness and urinary retention.^[16] Less common side effects include vomiting, blurred vision, drowsiness, sweating, insomnia, headache, confusion, hallucinations, tachycardia, aggravation of angina and rarely a temporary and benign pink discolouration of the skin or erythema multiforme.^[16]

Overdose

Overdose and death have been reported with nefopam,^[17] although these events are less common with nefopam than with opioid analgesics.^[18] Overdose usually manifests with convulsions, hallucinations, tachycardia, and hyperdynamic circulation.^[16] Treatment is usually supportive, managing cardiovascular complications with beta blockers and limiting absorption with activated charcoal.^[16]

Interactions

It has additive anticholinergic and sympathomimetic effects with other agents with these properties.^[16] Its use should be avoided in people receiving some types of antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors) as there is the potential for serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crises to result.^[16]

Pharmacology

The mechanism of action of nefopam and its analgesic effects are not well understood, although inhibition of the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and to a lesser extent dopamine (that is, acting as an SNDRI) is thought to be involved.^[21][4] It also reduces glutamate signaling via modulating sodium and calcium channels.^[22][4]

Pharmacokinetics

The absolute bioavailability of nefopam is low.^[1] It is reported to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations between 49 and 183 nM.^[20] The drug is approximately 73% protein-bound across a plasma range of 7 to 226 ng/mL (28–892 nM).^[1] The metabolism of nefopam is hepatic, by N–demethylation and via other routes.^[1] Its terminal half-life is 3 to 8 hours, while that of its active metabolite, desmethylnefopam, is 10 to 15 hours.^[1] It is eliminated mostly in urine, and to a lesser extent in feces.^[1]

Chemistry

Nefopam is a cyclized analogue of orphenadrine, diphenhydramine, and tofenacin, with each of these compounds different from one another only by the presence of one or two carbons.^[23][24][25] The ring system of nefopam is a benzoxazocine system.^[23][26]

Society and culture

Recreational use

Recreational use of nefopam has been reported,^[17] although this is less common than with opioid analgesics.^[18]

SYNTHESIS

PATENT

ES 8605495

The reaction of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid (I) with SOCl2 in CHCl3, benzene or DMF gives the corresponding acyl chloride (II), which is condensed with ethanolamine (III) by means of TEA in CHCl3 to yield the amide (IV). The reduction of (IV) with LiAlH4 in THF affords the diol (V), which is cyclized by means of Ts-OH in refluxing benzene to provide 1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine (VI). Finally, this compound is methylated by means of dimethyl sulfate in refluxing benzene, or by means of formaldehyde in hot dioxane/water. Alternatively, the cyclization of N-[2-[1-[2-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1-phenylmethoxy]ethyl]-N-methylamine (VII) by means of pyridine in refluxing acetonitrile gives also the target benzoxazocine

PATENT

KE 8201564

PATENT

ES 8104800

The reaction of 3-phenylphthalide (I) with N-methylethanolamine (II) in refluxing benzene gives N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethyl)-N-methylbenzamide (III), which is cyclized by means of Ts-OH in refluxing toluene to yield 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocin-6-one (IV). Finally this compound is reduced with LiAlH4 in refluxing THF to afford the target benzoxazocine. In an alternative method, the reduction of 2-benzoyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylbenzamide (V) by means of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride in refluxing toluene gives the diol (VI), which is then cyclized by means of Ts-OH in refluxing toluene, or by means of aq. 48% HBr in hot chloroform to afford the target benzoxazocine

The reaction of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid (I) with refluxing SOCl2 gives the corresponding acyl chloride (II), which is condensed with 2-(methylamino)acetic acid (III) in benzene to yield the N-(2-benzoylbenzoyl)-N-methylglycine (IV). The reduction of (IV) by means of LiAlH4 in refluxing THF affords the diol (V), which is finally cyclized by means of PPA at 80 C to provide the target benzoxazocine.

PATENT

US 4208349

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/EP0033585A1?cl=en

This compound is useful as an intermediate in producing the pharmacologically valuable 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-methyl-l-phenyl-lH-2,5-benzoxazocine- hydrochloride, or nefopam, which is used, e.g. as a muscle relaxant, an analgesic or antidepressant drug.

Processes for producing the compound of formula I are already known. For instance, according to German Patent 1,620,198, phthalic aldehyde is used as a starting material. According to the German Patent, the phthalic aldehyde is reacted with a Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesiumbromide, and an N-substituted aminoalcohol is coupled to the reaction mixture, to produce a product of formula:

This product is catalytically hydrogenated with the aid of Pd/C, Pt or Raney-Ni, and a product of formula I is obtained.

In another method, according to the German Patent 1,620,198, o-benzoylbenzoic acid is used as a starting material, which is converted by means of thionylchloride into an acid chloride. To this acid chloride is then coupled methylethanolamine, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-o-benzoylbenzamide is obtained as an intermediate, which is reduced using LiAlH₄ and an end-product of formula I is produced.

According to United States Patent 3,487,153 o-benzoylbenzoic acid amide is used as starting material to produce the intermediate. With the aid of thionylchloride the corresponding acid chloride is formed, which is allowed to react with N-methyl-2-aminoethanol. The so-produced N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-o-benzoylbenzamide is reduced with LiAlH₄ to 2{[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl)amino}-methylbenzhydrol.

According to German Offenlegungschrift 2,834,312 o-benzoylbenzoic acid is used as a starting material, which is allowed to react with phosphorus trichloride in dichloroethane. The acid chloride formed is allowed to react with triethylamine and N-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl- amine, after which N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-o-benzoylbenzamide is formed. This compound is treated with phosphorus trichloride (at pH=7.0) and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methyl-o-benzoylbenzoic amide is obtained, which is then reduced with NaBH₄ in acetic acid. By these means 2-{[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino?-methylbenzhydrol is obtained.

According to Finnish Patent No. 54793, which corresponds to Canadian Patent 982,608, a compound of formula III is used as starting material, which is reduced with NaBH₄ to a corresponding benzhydrol derivative of formula IV, which is then allowed to react with an alkylamine to an a-substituted 2-aminomethyl- benzylalcohol of formula V. The abovementioned Patent does not concern either the preparation of nefopam or its intermediates

When reviewing the abovementioned Patents, i.e. German Patent 1,620,198 and United States Patent 3,487,153, one can observe the disadvantage that catalytic hydrogenation with palladium on charcoal, platinum or Raney-Ni, or lithium aluminium hydride are to be used to reduce the starting materials. This latter reagent is expensive and reacts with water very intensely, so that even a little humidity in the working surroundings or in the solvents can cause a fire. Explosive hydrogen is also produced by the reaction. Grignard reactions and catalytic hydrogenations are technically difficult to perform on a large scale. Moreover, the price of o-phthalic aldehyde is high.

According to the method described in German Offenlegungschrift 2,834,312 the reducing of the amide- carbonyl group with sodium borohydride in acetic acid requires, however, great additional amounts or about 2-3 equivalents of sodium borohydride. The yield of the reaction is quite poor (about 50-55%) and the reaction time is long, so the production costs become high. Moreover, the number of synthetic reaction steps is high and the use of phosphorus trichloride especially on a production scale is difficult.

In the method according to the Finnish Patent 54793, which corresponds to the Canadian Patent 982,608, a benzophenone derivative (of formula III) is reduced with NaBH₄ to the corresponding benzhydrol derivative (formula IV). This compound is, however, unstable because of the methylene halogen group in o-position, especially when R₁ = H in formula IV. On storing for only a short time hydrogenchloride gas is released and a very stable 5-ring ether is formed, which is useless. The use of this method on a large scale is therefore almost impossible, because the intermediate is impossible to isolate fast enough to obtain at least a reasonable amount of the end product.

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 2-{[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}-methylbenzhydrol (as such or as an acid addition salt) which comprises reacting 2-chloromethylbenzophenone with 2-methylaminoethanol to give 2-J[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}-methylbenzophenone (as such or as a salt), and reducing the latter with sodium borohydride to give 2-{[N-2-(hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl)-aminol}-methylbenzhydrol (as such or as an acid addition salt). The 2-chlorobenzophenone (of formula VI) is brought to react with methylethanolamine in the presence of e.g. sodium carbonate, and 2-{[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}- methylbenzophenone (of formula VII) is formed. This substance is theoreduced with sodium borohydride to 2-{(N-(hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}-methylbenzhydrol (of formula VIII), as shown below:

The starting material, 2-chloromethyl benzophenone, can be produced in known manner by halogenating the corresponding 2-methylbenzophenone (Monatshefte far Chemie 99, 1990-2003, 1968) or 2-hydroxymethylbenzophenone, of which the former is commercially available and the latter can be produced in known manner from the phthalide (see British Patent 1,526,331). The compound of formula VII is new, and as such a feature of the invention.

The following Examples illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

8.50 g (0.037 mol) 2-chloromethylbenzophenone is dissolved in 40 ml ethylalcohol, and 4.0 g sodium carbonate and 2.80 g (0.037 mol) 2-methylaminoethanol are added, The mixture is boiled for 3 hours and the salts formed are filtered off from the cooled solution. A pure reaction product is obtained when the ethanol is evaporated from the solution and the product is crystallized as a hydrochloride salt from a mixture of diethylether and alcohol. The yield is 10.7 g (95 %) of 2{(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}- methylbenzophenone as a crystalline powder, m.p. 135-136 C.

This compound, as the free base, shows the following N M R spectrum (in cDC1₃ using T M S as internal reference): 7.8 – 7.1 (aromatic), 3.5 (singlet), 3.4 (triplet), about 2.6 (singlet), 2.3 (triplet),1.9 (singlet). Its infra-red spectrum shows maxima at the following frequencies (cm^-1): 680, 720, 760, 910, 1010, 1060, 1140, 1230, 1260, 1300, 1430, 1560,1580, 1640, 2760, 2920, 3030 and 3400.

EXAMPLE 2

10.0 g (0.033 mol) of the hydrochloride salt prepared in Example 1 are dissolved in a mixture comprising 15 ml water, 60 ml methanol and 3.5 g sodium hydroxide. To the mixture is added 0.65 g sodium borohydride and the solution is mixed for half an hour at room temperature.

The solution is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and the methanol is evaporated in vacum. 40 ml of water is added, the pH of the water solution is adjusted with diluted sodium hydroxide solution to an alkaline reaction and the product is extracted into chloroform. The chloroform extracts are washed well with water, dried over sodium sulphate and evaporated to dryness. The product is separated by precipitating as a hydrochloride salt from a mixture of diethylether and ethylalcohol. The yield is 9.8 g (96 %) of 2-{(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]-amino}- methylbenzhydrol as a crystalline powder, m.p. 128-133 C.

PATENT

CN 102363610

https://www.google.com/patents/CN102363610A?cl=en

CLIP

1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O, δ/ppm): 7.36–7.25 (m, 6H, arom H), 7.21–7.18 (m, 2H, arom H), 7.12–7.10 (m, 1H, arom H), 5.89 (s, 1H, Aryl–CH–Aryl), 5.45 (d, 1H, Aryl–CH(H)–N–, J = 12.8 Hz), 4.34–4.27 (m, 1H, –CH(H)–O–), 4.21 (d, 1H, Aryl–CH(H)–N–, J = 13.2 Hz), 4.05–4.00 [m (dt), 1H, –CH(H)–O–, J = 6.8 Hz and J = 3.6 Hz], 3.30-3.23 (m, 1H, –CH(H)– N–), 3.08–3.02 [m (dt), 1H, –CH(H)–N–, J = 7.2 Hz and J = 3.6 Hz), 2.87 (s, 3H, –CH3).

13C NMR (100 MHz, D2O, δ/ppm): 142.4, 141.1, 134.3, 130.5, 129.1, 129.0 (2C), 128.7, 128.4, 127.7 (2C), 125.3, 85.3, 64.9, 58.3, 50.5, 41.6

Powder XRD spectra and data of pure API (1). ABOVE

EXPANDED VIEW

5-Methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine Hydrochloride (1) 

PAPER

Old is Gold? Nefopam Hydrochloride, a Non-opioid and Non-steroidal Analgesic Drug and Its Practical One-Pot Synthesis in a Single Solvent for Large-Scale Production

Mohan Reddy Bodireddy, Kiran Krishnaiah, Prashanth Kumar Babu, Chaithanya Bitra, Madhusudana Rao Gajula*, and Pramod Kumar*
Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, Fourth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore-560 105, Karnataka, India
Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00228

*Tel.: 0811 0415647, ext. 245; + 91 9008448247 (mobile). E-mail: pramodkumar@microlabs.in., *E-mail: gmadhusudanrao@yahoo.com.

 

Nefopam hydrochloride is extensively used in most of the European countries until today as an analgesic because of its non-opiate (non-narcotic) and non-steroidal action with fewer side effects compared with opioid and other analgesics, which cause more troublesome side effects. A multikilogram synthesis of nefopam hydrochloride has been achieved in one pot using a single solvent (toluene). A ≥99.9% purity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was achieved in excellent overall yield (≥79%). The one-pot, five-step synthetic process involves formation of an acid chloride (3) from benzoylbenzoic acid (2) followed by amidation (4), reduction (5), cyclization (6), and formation of the hydrochloride salt (1). The major advantages include (i) use of a single solvent, (ii) >90% conversion in each step, (iii) a cost-effective and operationally friendly process, (iv) averting the formation of genotoxic impurities, and (v) improved overall yield (≥79%) provided by the one-pot operation. For the first time, we report the characterization data of API 1, intermediates 3, 4, and 5, and also a possible impurity (5a).

CLIP

Nefopam

Clinical data
Trade names	Acupan
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	Oral, intramuscular, intravenous
ATC code	N02BG06 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Low[1]
Protein binding	70–75% (mean 73%)[1][2]
Metabolism	Liver (N–demethylation, others)[1]
Metabolites	Desmethylnefopam, others[1]
Biological half-life	Nefopam: 3–8 hours[1] Desmethylnefopam: 10–15 hours[1]
Excretion	Urine: 79.3%[1] Feces: 13.4%[1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name[show]
CAS Number	13669-70-0
PubChem CID	4450
ChemSpider	4295
UNII	4UP8060B7J
KEGG	D08258
ChEBI	CHEBI:88316
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.757
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H19NO
Molar mass	253.34 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

////////////Nefopam Hydrochloride, Fenazoxine, Нефопама Гидрохлорид, 塩酸ネホパム

CN1CCOC(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C3=CC=CC=C3

DISCLAIMER

Pracinostat

• Molecular Formula C₂₀H₃₀N₄O₂
• Average mass 358.478 Da

Pracinostat (SB939) is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor based on hydroxamic acid with potential anti-tumor activity characterized by favorable physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties.

WO-2017192451  describes Novel polymorphic crystalline forms of pracinostat (designated as Form 3) and their hydrates, processes for their preparation and compositions and combination comprising them are claimed. Also claimed is their use for inhibiting histone deacetylase and treating cancer, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, pancreas cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, ovary cancer, melanoma and neuroblastoma.

See WO2014070948 ,  Helsinn , under sub-license from MEI Pharma (under license from S*Bio), is developing pracinostat, an oral HDAC inhibitor, for treating hematological tumors, including AML, MDS and myelofibrosis.

The oncolytic agent pracinostat hydrochloride is an antagonist of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and 2 (HDAC2) that was discovered by the Singapore-based company S*BIO. Helsinn obtained the exlusive development and commercialization rights in July 2016, and is conducting phase III clinical trials in combination with azacitidine in adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Phase II trials are also under way for the treatment of previously untreated intermediate-2 or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients and for the treatment of primary or post essential thrombocythemia/polycythemia vera) in combination with ruxolitinib.In North America, S*BIO had been conducting phase II clinical trials of pracinostat hydrochloride in patients with solid tumors and for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases and phase I clinical trials in patients with leukemia; however, recent progress reports are not available at present. The University of Queensland had been evaluating the compound in preclinical studies for malaria.

University of Queensland

MEI Pharma

The Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (the research branch of the Canadian Cancer Society upon its integration with the National Cancer Institute of Canada to form the new Canadian Cancer Society) is conducting phase II clinical trials in Canada for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer.

Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute

In 2012, the product was licensed to MEI Pharma by S*BIO on a worldwide basis. In 2016, MEI Pharma and Helsinn entered into a licensing, development and commercialization agreement by which Helsinn obtained exclusive worldwide rights (including manufacturing and commercialization rights).

HELSINN

In 2014, the FDA assigned an orphan drug designation to MEI Pharma for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In 2016, the product received breakthrough therapy designation in the U.S. in combination with azacitidine for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are older than 75 years of age or unfit for intensive chemotherapy.

Pracinostat is an orally available, small-molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Pracinostat inhibits HDACs, which may result in the accumulation of highly acetylated histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling; the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes; the tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division; and, finally, the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This agent may possess improved metabolic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors.

Pracinostat is a novel HDAC inhibitor with improved in vivo properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors currently in clinical trials, allowing oral dosing. Data demonstrate that Pracinostat is a potent and effective anti-tumor drug with potential as an oral therapy for a variety of human hematological and solid tumors

SYNTHESIS

Clinically tested HDAC inhibitors.

Activity

Pracinostat selectively inhibits HDAC class I,II,IV without class III and HDAC6 in class IV,^[1] but has no effect on other Zn-binding enzymes, receptors, and ion channels. It accumulates in tumor cells and exerts a continuous inhibition to histone deacetylase,resulting in acetylated histones accumulation, chromatin remodeling, tumor suppressor genes transcription, and ultimately, apoptosis of tumor cells.^[2]

Clinical medication

Clinical studies suggests that pracinostat has potential best pharmacokinetic properties when compared to other oral HDAC inhibitors.^[3]In March 2014, pracinostat has granted Orphan Drug for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma by the Food and Drug Administration.

Clinical Trials

PATENT

WO2005028447

Scheme I

Scheme II

Scheme III

Scheme IV

 Scheme V

PAPER

Discovery of (2E)-3-{2-Butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl}-N-hydroxyacrylamide (SB939), an Orally Active Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor with a Superior Preclinical Profile

Abstract

A series of 3-(1,2-disubstituted-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamides (1) were designed and synthesized as HDAC inhibitors. Extensive SARs have been established for in vitro potency (HDAC1 enzyme and COLO 205 cellular IC₅₀), liver microsomal stability (t_1/2), cytochrome P450 inhibitory (3A4 IC₅₀), and clogP, among others. These parameters were fine-tuned by carefully adjusting the substituents at positions 1 and 2 of the benzimidazole ring. After comprehensive in vitro and in vivo profiling of the selected compounds, SB939 (3) was identified as a preclinical development candidate. 3 is a potent pan-HDAC inhibitor with excellent druglike properties, is highly efficacious in in vivo tumor models (HCT-116, PC-3, A2780, MV4-11, Ramos), and has high and dose-proportional oral exposures and very good ADME, safety, and pharmaceutical properties. When orally dosed to tumor-bearing mice, 3 is enriched in tumor tissue which may contribute to its potent antitumor activity and prolonged duration of action. 3 is currently being tested in phase I and phase II clinical trials.

(E)-3-[2-Butyl-1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]-N-hydroxyacrylamide Dihydrochloride Salt (3)

PATENT

WO 2007030080

http://google.com/patents/WO2007030080A1?cl=en

SEE

WO 2008108741

WO 2014070948

Patent

WO-2017192451

References

Pracinostat

Names
IUPAC name (E)-3-(2-Butyl-1-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide
Other names Pracinostat
Identifiers
CAS Number	929016-96-6
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	25027185
PubChem CID	49855250
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H30N4O2
Molar mass	358.49 g·mol−1
Density	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

//////////////Pracinostat, PCI 34051, SB939, orphan drug designation, Leukemia, acute myeloid, phase 3, helsinn

CCCCC1=NC2=C(N1CCN(CC)CC)C=CC(=C2)C=CC(=O)NO

FDA approves treatment for rare genetic enzyme disorder

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Mepsevii (vestronidase alfa-vjbk) to treat pediatric and adult patients with an inherited metabolic condition called mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), also known as Sly syndrome. MPS VII is an extremely rare, progressive condition that affects most tissues and organs. Continue reading.

/////////Mepsevii, vestronidase alfa-vjbk, fda 2017

Tafamidis

• Molecular Formula C₁₄H₇Cl₂NO₃
• Average mass 308.116 Da

TAFAMIDIS, Fx-1006A
PF-06291826

Tafamidis (INN, or Fx-1006A,^[1] trade name Vyndaqel) is a drug for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis(also familial amyloid polyneuropathy, or FAP), a rare but deadly neurodegenerative disease.^[2][3] The drug was approved by the European Medicines Agency in November 2011 and by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in September 2013.^[4]

In 2011 and 2012, orphan drug designation was assigned in Japan and the U.S., respectively, for the treatment of transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. This designation was assigned in the E.U. in 2012 for the treatment of senile systemic amyloidosis. In 2017, fast drug designation was assigned in the U.S. for the treatment of transthyretin cardiomyopathy.

Tafamidis is a novel specific transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer or dissociation inhibitor. TTR is a tetramer that is responsible in transporting the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex and minimally transporting thyroxine in the blood. In TTR-related disorders such as transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP), tetramer dissociation is accelerated that results in unregulated amyloidogenesis and amyloid fibril formation. Eventually the failure of autonomic and peripheral nervous system is induced. Tafamidiswas approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2011 under the market name Vyndaqel for the treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) in adult patients with early-stage symptomatic polyneuropathy to delay peripheral neurologic impairment. Tafamidis is an investigational drug under the FDA and in June 2017, Pfizer received FDA Fast Track Designation for tafamidis

The marketed drug, a meglumine salt, has completed an 18 month placebo controlled phase II/III clinical trial,^[5][6] and an 12 month extension study^[7] which provides evidence that tafamidis slows progression of Familial amyloid polyneuropathy.^[8] Tafamidis (20 mg once daily) is used in adult patients with an early stage (stage 1) of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.^[9][10]

Tafamidis was discovered in the Jeffery W. Kelly Laboratory at The Scripps Research Institute^[11] using a structure-based drug design strategy^[12] and was developed at FoldRx pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology company Kelly co-founded with Susan Lindquist. FoldRx was led by Richard Labaudiniere when it was acquired by Pfizer in 2010.

Tafamidis functions by kinetic stabilization of the correctly folded tetrameric form of the transthyretin (TTR) protein.^[13] In patients with FAP, this protein dissociates in a process that is rate limiting for aggregation including amyloid fibril formation, causing failure of the autonomic nervous system and/or the peripheral nervous system (neurodegeneration) initially and later failure of the heart. Kinetic Stabilization of tetrameric transthyretin in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients provides the first pharmacologic evidence that the process of amyloid fibril formation causes this disease, as treatment with tafamidis dramatically slows the process of amyloid fibril formation and the degeneration of post-mitotic tissue. Sixty % of the patients enrolled in the initial clinical trial have the same or an improved neurologic impairment score after six years of taking tafamidis, whereas 30% of the patients progress at a rate ≤ 1/5 of that predicted by the natural history. Importantly, all of the V30M FAP patients remain stage 1 patients after 6 years on tafamidis out of four stages of disease progression. [Data presented orally by Professor Coelho in Brazil in 2013]^[7]

The process of wild type transthyretin amyloidogenesis also appears to cause wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (WTTA), also known as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), leading to cardiomyopathy as the prominent phenotype.^[14] Some mutants of transthyretin — including V122I, which is primarily found in individuals of African descent — are destabilizing, enabling heterotetramer dissociation, monomer misfolding, and subsequent misassembly of transthyretin into a variety of aggregate structures ^[15] including amyloid fibrils^[16]leading to familial amyloid cardiomyopathy.^[17] While there is clinical evidence from a small number of patients that tafamidis slows the progression of the transthyretin cardiomyopathies,^[18] this has yet to be demonstrated in a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pfizer has enrolled a placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the ability of tafamidis to slow the progression of both familial amyloid cardiomyopathy and senile systemic amyloidosis (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01994889).

Regulatory Process

Tafamidis was approved for use in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency in November 2011, specifically for the treatment of early stage transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis or familial amyloid polyneuropathy or FAP (all mutations). In September 2013 Tafamidis was approved for use in Japan by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, specifically for the treatment of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis or familial amyloid polyneuropathy or FAP (all mutations). Tafamidis is also approved for use in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Israel by the relevant authorities.^[19] It is currently being considered for approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of early stage transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis or familial amyloid polyneuropathy or FAP.

In June 2012, the FDA Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee voted “yes” (13-4 favorable vote) when asked if the findings of the pivotal clinical study with tafamidis were “sufficiently robust to provide substantial evidence of efficacy for a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit”. The Advisory Committee voted “no” 4-13 to reject the drug–in spite of the fact that both primary endpoints were met in the efficacy evaluable population (n=87) and were just missed in the intent to treat population (n=125), apparently because more patients than expected in the intent to treat population were selected for liver transplantation during the course of the trial, not owing to treatment failure, but because their name rose to the top of the transplant list. However, these patients were classified as treatment failures in the conservative analysis used.

Pfizer (following its acquisition of FoldRx ), under license from Scripps Research Institute , has developed and launched tafamidis, a small-molecule transthyretin stabilizer, useful for treating familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

SYN

 European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 121, 823-840; 2016

SYN 2

INNOVATORS

THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE [US/US]; 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (US)

KELLY, Jeffrey, W.; (US).
SEKIJIMA, Yoshiki; (US)

Dr. Jeffery W. Kelly

Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Chemistry

Co-Chairman, Department of Molecular Medicine

Click here to download a concise version of Dr. Jeffery Kelly’s curriculum vitae.

PATENT

WO2004056315

Example 5: Benzoxazoles as Transthyretin Amyloid Fibril Inhibitors
Transthyretin’s two thyroxine binding sites are created by its quaternary structural interface. The tetramer can be stabilized by small molecule binding to these sites, potentially providing a means to treat TTR amyloid disease with small molecule drugs. Many families of compounds have been discovered whose binding stabilizes the tetrameric ground state to a degree proportional to the small molecule dissociation constants Km and Ka₂. This also effectively increases the dissociative activation barrier and inhibits amyloidosis by kinetic stabilization. Such inhibitors are typically composed of two aromatic rings, with one ring bearing halogen substituents and the other bearing hydrophilic substituents. Benzoxazoles substituted with a carboxylic acid at C(4)-C(7) and a halogenated phenyl ring at C(2) also appeared to complement the TTR thyroxine binding site. A small library of these compounds was therefore prepared by dehydrocyclization of N-acyl amino-hydroxybenzoic acids as illustrated in Scheme 1.

Scheme 1: General Synthesis of Benzoxazoles
Reagents: (a) ArCOCl, THF, pyridine (Ar = Phenyl, 3,5-Difluorophenyl, 2,6-Difluorophenyl, 3,5-Dichlorophenyl, 2,6-Dichlorophenyl, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl, and 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl); (b) TsOH*H₂O, refluxing xylenes; (c) TMSCHN₂, benzene, MeOH; (d) LiOH, THF, MeOH, H₂O (8-27% yield over 4 steps).

The benzoxazoles were evaluated using a series of analyses of increasing stringency. WT TTR (3.6 μM) was incubated for 30 min (pH 7, 37 °C) with a test compound (7.2 μM). Since at least one molecule ofthe test compound must bind to each molecule of TTR tetramer to be able to stabilize it, a test compound concentration of 7.2 μM is only twice the minimum effective concentration. The pH was then adjusted to 4.4, the optimal pH for fibrilization. The amount of amyloid formed after 72 h (37 °C) in the presence ofthe test compound was determined by turbidity at 400 nm and is expressed as % fibril formation (ff), 100%) being the amount formed by TTR alone. Ofthe 28 compounds tested, 11 reduced fibril formation to negligible levels (jf< 10%; FIG. 7).
The 11 most active compounds were then evaluated for their ability to bind selectively to TTR over, all other proteins in blood. Human blood plasma (TTR cone. 3.6 -5.4 μM) was incubated for 24 h with the test compound (10.8 μM) at 37 °C. The TTR and any bound inhibitor were immunoprecipitated using a sepharose-bound polyclonal TTR antibody. The TTR with or without inhibitor bound was liberated from the resin at high pH, and the inhibitor: TTR stoichiometry was ascertained by HPLC analysis (FIG. 8). Benzoxazoles with carboxylic acids in the 5- or 6-position, and 2,6-dichlorophenyl (13, 20) or 2-trifluoromethylphenyl (11, 18) substituents at the 2-position displayed the highest binding stoichiometries. In particular, 20 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and binding selectivity. Hence, its mechanism of action was characterized further.
To confirm that 20 inhibits TTR fibril formation by binding strongly to the tetramer, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and sedimentation velocity experiments were conducted with wt TTR. ITC showed that two equivalents of 20 bind with average dissociation constants of K_di = Kd₂ = 55 (± 10) nM under physiological conditions. These are comparable to the dissociation constants of many other highly efficacious TTR
amyloidogenesis inhibitors. For the sedimentation velocity experiments, TTR (3.6 μM) was incubated with 20 (3.6 μM, 7.2 μM, 36 μM) under optimal fibrilization conditions (72 h, pH 4.4, 37 °C). The tetramer (55 kDa) was the only detectable species in solution with 20 at 7.2 or 36 μM. Some large aggregates formed with 20 at 3.6 μM, but the TTR remaining in solution was tetrameric.
T119M subunit inclusion and small molecule binding both prevent TTR amyloid formation by raising the activation barrier for tetramer dissociation. An inhibitor’s ability to do this is most rigorously tested by measuring its efficacy at slowing tetramer dissociation in 6 M urea, a severe denaturation stress. Thus, the rates of TTR tetramer dissociation in 6 M urea in the presence and absence of 20, 21 or 27 were compared (FIG. 9). TTR (1.8 μM) was completely denatured after 168 h in 6 M urea. In contrast, 20 at 3.6 μM prevented tetramer dissociation for at least 168 h (> 3 the half-life of TTR in human plasma). With an equimolar amount of 20, only 27% of TTR denatured in 168 h. Compound 27 (3.6 μM) was much less able to prevent tetramer dissociation (90% unfolding after 168 h), even though it was active in the fibril formation assay. Compound 21 did not hinder the dissociation of TTR at all. These results show that inhibitor binding to TTR is necessary but not sufficient to kinetically stabilize the TTR tetramer under strongly denaturing conditions; it is also important that the dissociation constants be very low (or that the off rates be very slow). Also, the display of functional groups on 20 is apparently optimal for stabilizing the TTR tetramer; moving the carboxylic acid from C(6) to C(7), as in 27, or removing the chlorines, as in 21, severely diminishes its activity.

The role ofthe substituents in 20 is evident from its co-crystal stracture with TTR (FIG. 10). Compound 20 orients its two chlorine atoms near halogen binding pockets 2 and 2′ (so-called because they are occupied by iodines when thyroxine binds to TTR). The 2,6 substitution pattern on the phenyl ring forces the benzoxazole and phenyl rings out of planarity, optimally positioning the carboxylic acid on the benzoxazole to hydrogen bond to the ε-NH₃⁺ groups of Lys 15/15′. Hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic rings of 20 and the side chains of Leu 17, Leu 110, Ser 117, and Val 121 contribute additional binding energy.

PAPER

ChemMedChem (2013), 8(10), 1617-1619.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2012), 11(3), 185-186

PAPER

Design and synthesis of pyrimidinone and pyrimidinedione inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV
J Med Chem 2011, 54(2): 510

PATENT

WO-2017190682

Novel crystalline forms of tafamidis methylglucamine (designated as Form E), processes for their preparation and compositions comprising them are claimed. Also claimed is their use for treating familial amyloid neuropathy. Represents first PCT filing from Crystal Pharmatech and the inventors on this API.

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=2C2DC88BD4DC90B179C38EC5283D0941.wapp2nA?docId=WO2017190682&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=FullText

CLIP

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ob/c5ob02496j/unauth#!divAbstract

2-(3, 5-Dichlorophenyl)benzo[d]oxazole-6-carboxylic acid (Tafamidis)

m.p. = 200.4–202.7 °C; Rf = 0.37 (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/acetic acid = 6:1:0.01).

IR (cm-1 , KBr): 3383, 1685, 1608, 1224, 769;

1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) (ppm) 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.04–8.02 (m, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 5.2 Hz, 1H);

13C NMR (DMSOd6, 100 MHz) (ppm) 167.2, 162.1, 150.1, 145.0, 137.8, 133.7, 131.4, 128.6, 126.8, 124.3, 120.5, 112.6.

Data was consistent with that reported in the literature. [27]Yamamoto, T.; Muto, K.; Komiyama, M.; Canivet, J.; Yamaguchi, J.; Itami, K. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 10113.

Clip

http://synth.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/wordpress/publication/nicatalystscopemechanism?lang=en

CLIP

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3386102/

The transthyretin amyloidoses (ATTR) are invariably fatal diseases characterized by progressive neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A–retinol-binding protein complex. Mutations within TTR that cause autosomal dominant forms of disease facilitate tetramer dissociation, monomer misfolding, and aggregation, although wild-type TTR can also form amyloid fibrils in elderly patients. Because tetramer dissociation is the rate-limiting step in TTR amyloidogenesis, targeted therapies have focused on small molecules that kinetically stabilize the tetramer, inhibiting TTR amyloid fibril formation. One such compound, tafamidis meglumine (Fx-1006A), has recently completed Phase II/III trials for the treatment of Transthyretin Type Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) and demonstrated a slowing of disease progression in patients heterozygous for the V30M TTR mutation. Herein we describe the molecular and structural basis of TTR tetramer stabilization by tafamidis. Tafamidis binds selectively and with negative cooperativity (K_ds ∼2 nM and ∼200 nM) to the two normally unoccupied thyroxine-binding sites of the tetramer, and kinetically stabilizes TTR. Patient-derived amyloidogenic variants of TTR, including kinetically and thermodynamically less stable mutants, are also stabilized by tafamidis binding. The crystal structure of tafamidis-bound TTR suggests that binding stabilizes the weaker dimer-dimer interface against dissociation, the rate-limiting step of amyloidogenesis.

4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) is reacted with HCl (3 to 6 M equivalents) in methanol (8 to 9 L/kg). Methyl t-butyl ether (TBME) (9 to 11 L/kg) is then added to the reaction mixture. The product, methyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate hydrochloride salt, is isolated by filtration and then reacted with 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (0.95 to 1.05 M equivalents) in the presence of pyridine (2.0 to 2.5 M equivalents) in dichloromethane (DCM), (8 to 9 L/kg) as a solvent. After the distillation of DCM, acetone and water are added to the reaction mixture, producing methyl 4-(3,5-dichlorobenzoylamino)-3- hydroxy-benzoate. This is recovered by filtration and reacted with p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.149 to 0.151 M equivalents) in toluene (12 to 18 L/kg) at reflux with water trap. Treatment with charcoal is then performed. After the distillation of toluene, acetone (4-6 L/kg) is added. The product, methyl 2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-benzoxazole-6- carboxylate, is isolated by filtration and then reacted with LiOH (1.25 to 1.29 M equivalents) in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) (7.8 to 8.2 L/kg) and water (7.8 to 8.2 L/kg) at between 40 and 45 °C. The pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted with aqueous HCl to yield 2-(3,5-dichloro-phenyl)-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid, the free acid of tafamidis. This is converted to the meglumine salt by reacting with N-methyl-Dglucamine (0.95 to 1.05 M equivalents) in a mixture of water (4.95 to 5.05 L/kg)/isopropyl alcohol (19.75 to 20.25 L/kg) at 65-70 °C. Tafamidis meglumine (dglucitol, 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-,2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-6-benzoxazole carboxylate) is then isolated by filtration.

2 The following fragments were identified from electrospray ionization mass spectra acquired in positive-ion mode: meglumine M+ (C7H18NO5+, m/z = 196.13), M (carboxylate form) +2H (C14H6Cl2NO3, m/z = 308.13), M (salt) + H (C21H24Cl2N2O8, m/z = 504.26). 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were acquired on a 700 MHz Bruker AVANCE II spectrometer in acetone:D2O (~8:2). Data were reported as chemical shift in ppm (δ), multiplicity (s = singlet, dd = double of doublets, m = multiplet), coupling constant (J Hz), relative integral and assignment: δ = 8.14 (m, JH2-H5 = 0.6 and JH2-H6 = 1.5, 1H, H2), 8.02 (dd, JH9-H11 = 1.9 and JH13-H11 = 1.9, 2H, H9 and H13), 7.97 (dd, JH6-H5 = 8.25, 1H, H6), 7.67 (dd, JH5-H2 = 0.6 and JH5-H6 = 8.25, 1H, H5), 7.58 (m, JH11-H9 = 1.9 and JH11-H13 = 1.9, 1H, H11), 4.08 (m, JH16-H17 = 4.9, 1H, H16), 3.79 (dd, JH17-H18 = 2.2, 1H, H17), 3.73 (dd, JH19-H20 = 3.2, 1H, H20), 3.69 (m, JH19-H20 = 3.2, 1H, H19), 3.61 (m, JH18-H19 = 12.25, 1H, H18), 3.58 (m, JH19-H20′ = 5.8 and JH20-H20′ = 11.7, 1H, H20′ ), 3.19 (m, JH15-H15′ = 12.9 and JH15′-H16 = 9.25 and JH15-H16 = 3.5, 2H, H15).

CLIP

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/chem.201101091/asset/supinfo/chem_201101091_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf?v=1&s=7badb204a12057710743c1711a744253eccd636a

Concise Synthesis of Tafamidis (Scheme 8)

4-(6-Benzoxazoyl)morpholine (8)

A mixture of 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.53 g, 10 mmol) and trimethyl orthofomate (3 mL) was heated at 100 ºC for 5 h. After cooling to room temperature, trimethyl orthofomate was removed under reduced pressure. To a solution of benzoxazole 6-carboxylic acid in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) were added DMF (0.1 mL) and oxalyl chloride (1.8 mL, 20 mmol) and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, DMF and oxalyl chloride were removed under reduced pressure to yield the corresponding acid chloride as a solid. Thus-generated acid chloride and morpholine (2.2 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After removing solvents under reduced pressure, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. Purification of the resulting oil by flash column chromatography on silica (5% methanol in CHCl3 as eluent) afforded heteroarene 8 (1.30 g, 56%) as a white solid. Rf = 0.47 (MeOH/CHCl3 = 1:20). 1 H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H) 7.44 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.00–3.25 (br, 8H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 169.52, 153.87, 149.67, 141.24, 132.90, 123.79, 120.76, 110.48, 66.81. HRMS (DART) m/z calcd for C12H13N2O3 [MH]+ : 233.0926, found 233.0926.

4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl 6-benzoxazoyl)morpholine

To a 20-mL glass vessel equipped with J. Young® O-ring tap containing a magnetic stirring bar were added Ni(cod)2 (13.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), 2,2’-bipyridyl (7.8 mg, 0.05 mmol), LiOt-Bu (60 mg, 0.75 mmol), 8 (174.2 mg, 0.5 mmol), 3,5-dichloroiodobenzene (9: 203.9 mg, 0.75 mmol), followed by dry 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2.0 mL). The vessel was sealed with an O-ring tap and then heated at 100 °C in an 8-well reaction block with stirring for 24 h. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, the mixture was passed through a short silica gel pad (EtOAc). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography (5% methanol in CHCl3 as eluent) to afford SI-2 (139.6 mg, 74 %) as a white foam. Rf = 0.70 (MeOH/CHCl3 = 1:20). 1 H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.16 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.00–3.25 (br, 8H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 169.38, 161.78, 150.40, 142.90, 135.82, 132.95, 131.61, 129.26, 125.91, 124.23, 120.41, 110.26, 66.77. HRMS (DART) m/z calcd for C18H15Cl2N2O3 [MH]+ : 377.0460 found 377.0465.

Tafamidis[19  ] Razavi, H.; Palaninathan, S. K.; Powers, E. T.; Wiseman, R. L.; Purkey, H. E.; Mohamedmohaideen, N. N.; Deechongkit, S.; Chiang, K. P.; Dendle, M. T. A.; Sacchettini, J. C.; Kelly, J. W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2758.]

HF·pyridine (0.5 mL) was added to a stirred solution of SI-2 (32 mg, 0.09 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) at 70 ºC for 12 h. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, the mixuture was diluted with EtOAc and washed sequentially with sat.NaHCO3, 2N HCl and brine. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue was subjected to preparative thin-layer chromatography (1% acetic acid, 5% methanol in CHCl3 as eluent) to afford tafamidis (24.7 mg, 94%) as a white foam.

1 H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 2H).

13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 166.6, 162.0, 150.0, 144.6, 135.1, 131.7, 129.1, 128.7, 126.5, 125.8, 120.0, 112.2.

HRMS (DART) m/z calcd for C14H8Cl2NO3 [MH]+ : 307.9881, found 307.9881.

References

Tafamidis

Clinical data
Trade names	Vyndaqel
License data	EU EMA: by INN
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	N07XX08 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name[show]
CAS Number	594839-88-0
PubChem CID	11001318
ChemSpider	9176510
UNII	8FG9H9D31J
KEGG	D09673
ChEBI	CHEBI:78538
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H7Cl2NO3
Molar mass	308.116 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image

//////////////TTAFAMIDIS, Fx-1006A, PF-06291826, Orphan Drug, SCRIPP, PFIZER

C1=CC2=C(C=C1C(=O)O)OC(=N2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)Cl)Cl

CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.c1cc2c(cc1C(=O)O)oc(n2)c3cc(cc(c3)Cl)Cl

FDA approves new treatment to prevent bleeding in certain patients with hemophilia A

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Hemlibra (emicizumab-kxwh) to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients with hemophilia A who have developed antibodies called Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors.Continue reading.

///////Hemlibra, emicizumab-kxwh, FDA 2017, hemophilia A, Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy designation,  Orphan Drug designation

“NEW DRUG APPROVALS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This is a compilation for educational purposes only. P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

1-{[(6S,7R)-7-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,4-oxazepan-6-yl]methyl}-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid

• Molecular Formula C₁₈H₁₈ClFN₂O₄
• Average mass 380.798 Da

CAS 1372185-97-1

CAS 1372180-09-0 hydrochloride

Peripherally selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

1-([(6S,7R)-7-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,4-oxazepan-6-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid monohydrochloride

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1-[[(6S,7R)-7-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-6-yl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-, hydrochloride (1:1)

1-{[(6S,7R)-7-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,4-oxazepan-6-yl]methyl}-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (1:1) (1·HCl)

TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED [JP/JP]; 1-1, Doshomachi 4-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 5410045 (JP)

ISHICHI, Yuji; (JP).
YAMADA, Masami; (US).
KAMEI, Taku; (JP).
FUJIMORI, Ikuo; (US).
NAKADA, Yoshihisa; (JP).
YUKAWA, Tomoya; (JP).
SAKAUCHI, Nobuki; (JP).
OHBA, Yusuke; (JP).
TSUKAMOTO, Tetsuya; (JP)

Paper

Development of a Practical Synthesis of a Peripherally Selective Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor Possessing a Chiral 6,7-trans-Disubstituted-1,4-oxazepane as a Scaffold

Kazuhisa Ishimoto^* , Kotaro Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nishimoto, Mika Murabayashi, and Tomomi Ikemoto†

Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00313

*E-mail: kazuhisa.ishimoto@takeda.com.

Abstract

A practical synthesis of a peripherally selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that has a chiral 6,7-trans-disubstituted-1,4-oxazepane as a new class of scaffold is described. The amino alcohol possessing the desired stereochemistry was obtained with excellent dr and ee, starting from a commercially available aldehyde via a Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, Michael addition, isolation as maleic acid salt, reduction, and diastereomeric salt formation with (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid. The desired single stereoisomer obtained at an early stage of the synthesis was used for seven-membered ring formation in fully telescoped processes, providing the chiral 6,7-trans-disubstituted-1,4-oxazepane efficiently. In addition to controls of dr and ee of the chiral 1,4-oxazepane, and control of N,O-selectivity in S_N2 reaction of the intermediate mesylate with a pyridone derivative, finding appropriate intermediates that were amenable to isolation and upgrade of purity enabled a practical chiral HPLC separation-free, column chromatograph-free synthesis of the drug candidate with excellent chemical and optical purities in a higher overall yield.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2012046882A1?cl=zh

PAPER

Volume 24, Issue 16, 15 August 2016, Pages 3716–3726

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968089616304382

REFERNCES

//////////////////1372185-97-1, 1372180-09-0, Peripherally selective,  noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor,  TAKEDA

O=C(O)C3=CC=CN(C[C@@H]1CNCCO[C@H]1c2ccc(Cl)c(F)c2)C3=O

“NEW DRUG APPROVALS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This is a compilation for educational purposes only. P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

Copanlisib, BAY 80-6946, 

• BAY 84-1236

• Molecular FormulaC₂₃H₂₈N₈O₄
• Average mass480.520 Da

Cas 1032568-63-0 [RN]

1402152-26-4 MONO HCL

UNII-WI6V529FZ9

FDA Approved September 2017

Copanlisib (BAY 80-6946), developed by Bayer, is a selective Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor^[1] which has shown promise in Phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.^[2]

Copanlisib is a selective pan-Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor that was first developed by Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The drug targets the enzyme that plays a role in regulating cell growth and survival. Copanlisib was granted accelerated approval on September 14, 2017 under the market name Aliqopa for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma and a treatment history of at least two prior systemic therapies. Follicular lymphoma is a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is caused by unregulated proliferation and growth of lymphocytes. The active ingredient in Aliquopa intravenous therapy is copanlisib dihydrochloride.

Copanlisib dihydrochloride; UNII-03ZI7RZ52O; 03ZI7RZ52O; 1402152-13-9; BAY 80-6946 dihydrochloride;

1402152-46-8 CAS  X=4, 

1919050-77-3 CAS X=1

The FDA awarded copanlisib orphan drug status for follicular lymphoma in February 2015.^[3]

Phase II clinical trials are in progress for treatment of endometrial cancer,^[4] diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,^[5] cholangiocarcinoma,^[6]and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.^[7] Copanlisib in combination with R-CHOP or R-B (rituximab and bendamustine) is in a phase III trial for relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).^[8] Two separate phase III trials are investigating the use of copanlisib in combination with rituximab for indolent NHL^[9] and the other using copanlisib alone in cases of rituximab-refractory indolent NHL.^[10]

Copanlisib hydrochloride, a phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase inhibitor developed by Bayer, was first approved and launched in 2017 in the U.S. for the intravenous treatment of adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma who have received at least two prior treatments.

In 2015, orphan drug designation was assigned in the U.S. for the treatment of follicular lymphoma. In 2017, additional orphan drug designations were granted in the U.S. for the treatment of splenic, nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.

SYN

WO 2017049983

PATENTS

WO 2008070150

Example 13

Preparation of 2-amino-N-r7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazori^-clquinazolin-S-vHpvrimidine-S-carboxamide.

Step 1 : Preparation of 4-hvdroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzonitrile

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (200 g, 1.01 mol) was dissolved in THF (2.5 L) and then ammonium hydroxide (2.5 L) was added followed by iodine (464 g, 1.8 mol). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir for 2 days at which time it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with HCI (2 N) and extracted into diethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether and dried under vacuum to provide the title compound (166 g, 84%): ¹H NMR (DMSO-cfe) δ: 11.91 (1 H, s), 7.67 (1 H, d), 7.20 (1 H, d), 3.88 (3H, s)

Step 2: Preparation of 3-methoxy-4-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2-nitrobenzonitrile

To a solution of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzonitrile (3.9 g, 20.1 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) was added cesium carbonate (19.6 g, 60.3 mmol) and Intermediate C (5.0 g, 24.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 75 ⁰C overnight then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a pad of silica gel and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material thus obtained was used without further purification

Step 3: Preparation of 2-amino-3-methoxy-4-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)benzonitrile

3-Methoxy-4-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2-nitrobenzonitrile (7.7 g, 24.1 mmol) was suspended in acetic acid (170 ml_) and cooled to 0 °C. Water (0.4 ml_) was added, followed by iron powder (6.7 g, 120 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h at which time the reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and washed with acetic acid (400 ml_). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 mL and diluted with EtOAc (200 ml.) at which time potassium carbonate was added slowly. The resulting slurry was filtered through a pad of Celite washing with EtOAc and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and passed through a pad of silica gel. The resultant solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (6.5 g, 92%): ¹H NMR (DMSO-Cf₆) δ: 7.13 (1 H₁ d), 6.38 (1 H, d), 5.63 (2H₁ br s), 4.04 (2H, t), 3.65 (3H, s), 3.55 (4H₁ br t), 2.41 (2H, t), 2.38 (4H₁ m), 1.88 (2H₁ quint.).

Step 4: Preparation of 6-(4.5-dihvdro-1 H-imidazol-2-v0-2-methoxy-3-(3-morpholin- 4-ylpropoxy)aniline

To a degassed mixture of 2-amino-3-methoxy-4-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)benzonitrile (6.5 g, 22.2 mmol) and ethylene diamine (40 mL) was added sulfur (1.8 g, 55.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 3 h at which time water was added to the reaction mixture. The precipitate that was formed was collected and washed with water and then dried overnight under vacuum to provide the title compound (3.2 g, 43%): HPLC MS RT = 1.25 min, MH⁺= 335.2; ¹H NMR (DMSO-Cf₆) δ: 7.15 (1H, d), 6.86 (2H, br s), 6.25 (1 H, d), 4.02 (2H, t), 3.66 (3H, s), 3.57 (8H, m), 2.46 (2H, t), 2.44 (4H, m), 1.89 (2H, quint.). Step 5: Preparation of 7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazof1.2-clquinazolin-5-amine

Cyanogen bromide (10.9 g, 102.9 mmol) was added to a mixture of 6-(4,5-dihydro-1 H- imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-3-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)aniline (17.2 g, 51.4 mmol) and TEA (15.6 g, 154.3 mmol) in DCM (200 ml_) precooled to 0 ⁰C. After 1 h the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue stirred with EtOAc (300 mL) overnight at rt. The resulting slurry was filtered to generate the title compound contaminated with triethylamine hydrobromide (26.2 g, 71%): HPLC MS RT = 0.17 min, MH⁺= 360.2.

Step 6: Preparation of 2-amino-N-r7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazori ^-clquinazolin-S-vnpyrimidine-δ-carboxamide.

7-Methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine (100 mg, 0.22 mol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL), and Intermediate B (46 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added. PYBOP (173 mg, 0.33 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.16 mL, 0.89 mmol) were subsequently added, and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. EtOAc was added, and the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration to give the title compound (42.7 mg, 40%): HPLC MS RT = 1.09 min, MH⁺= 481.2; ¹H NMR (DMSO-Cf₆ + 2 drops TFA-tf) δ: 9.01 (2H, s), 8.04 (1 H, d), 7.43 (1 H, d), 4.54 (2H, m), 4.34 (2H, br t), 4.23 (2H, m), 4.04 (2H, m), 4.00 (3H, s), 3.65 (2H, br t), 3.52 (2H, m), 3.31 (2H, m), 3.18 (2H, m), 2.25 (2H, m).

PATENT

CN 105130998

TRANSLATED

Example VI:

[0053] a nitrogen atmosphere, the reaction flask was added 7-methoxy-8- (3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy) -2,3-dihydro-imidazo [l, 2-c] quinoline tetrazol-5-amine (V) (0 • 36g, lmmol), 2- amino-5-carboxylic acid (0 • 15g, l.lmmol) and acetonitrile 25mL, condensing agent added benzotriazole-1-yl yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate key (0.49g, 1. lmmol) and the base catalyst 1,5_-diazabicyclo [4. 3.0] – non-5-ene (0 . 50g, 4mmol), at room temperature for 12 hours.Then heated to 50-60 ° C, the reaction was stirred for 6-8 hours, TLC the reaction was complete. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate was added solid separated. Filter cake washed with cold methanol and vacuum dried to give an off-white solid Kupannixi (1) 0.278, showing a yield of 56.3% -] \ ^ 111/2: 481 [] \ 1+ buckle + 1 111 bandit ? (square) (: 13). 5 2.05 (111,211), 2.48 (111,411), 2. 56 (m, 2H), 3 72 (t, 4H), 4 02 (s, 3H),. 4. 16 (m, 7H), 5. 36 (s, 2H), 6. 84 (d, 1H), 7. 08 (d, 1H), 9. 10 (s, 2H) square

PATENT

WO 2016071435

2-amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (10), (which is hereinafter referred to as„copanlisib”), is a proprietary cancer agent with a novel mechanism of action, inhibiting Class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks). This class of kinases is an attractive target since PI3Ks play a central role in the transduction of cellular signals from surface receptors for survival and proliferation. Copanlisib exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against tumours of multiple histologic types, both in vitro and in vivo.

Copanlisib may be synthesised according to the methods given in international patent application PCT/EP2003/010377, published as WO 04/029055 A1 on April 08, 2004, (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), on pp. 26 et seq.

Copanlisib is published in international patent application PCT/US2007/024985, published as WO 2008/070150 A1 on June 12, 2008, (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), as the compound of Example 13 : 2-amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide.

Copanlisib may be synthesized according to the methods given in WO 2008/070150, pp. 9 et seq., and on pp. 42 et seq. Biological test data for said compound of formula (I) is given in WO 2008/070150 on pp. 101 to 107.

2-amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimid-azo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide dihydrochloride (1 1 ), (which is hereinafter referred to as „copanlisib dihydrochloride”) is published in international patent application PCT/EP2012/055600, published as WO 2012/136553 on October 1 1 , 2012, (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), as the compound of Examples 1 and 2 : 2-amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide dinydrochloride : it may be synthesized according to the methods given in said Examples 1 and 2.

Copanlisib may exist in one or more tautomeric forms : tautomers, sometimes referred to as proton-shift tautomers, are two or more compounds that are related by the migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by the migration of one or more single bonds and one or more adjacent double bonds.

Copanlisib may for example exist in tautomeric form (la), tautomeric form (lb), or tautomeric form (Ic), or may exist as a mixture of any of these forms, as depicted below. It is intended that all such tautomeric forms are included within the scope of the present invention.

Copanlisib may exist as a solvate : a solvate for the purpose of this invention is a complex of a solvent and copanlisib in the solid state. Exemplary solvates include, but are not limited to, complexes of copanlisib with ethanol or methanol.

Copanlisib and copanlisib dihydrochloride may exist as a hydrate. Hydrates are a specific form of solvate wherein the solvent is water, wherein said water is a structural element of the crystal lattice of copanlisib or of copanlisib dihydrochloride. It is possible for the amount of said water to exist in a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio. In the case of stoichiometric hydrates, a hemi-, (semi-), mono-, sesqui-, di-, tri-, tetra-, or penta-hydrate of copanlisib or of copanlisib dihydrochloride is possible. It is also possible for water to be present on the surface of the crystal lattice of copanlisib or of copanlisib dihydrochloride. The present invention includes all such hydrates of copanlisib or of copanlisib dihydrochloride, in particular copanlisib dihydrochloride hydrate referred to as “hydrate I”, as prepared and characterised in the experimental section herein, or as “hydrate II”, as prepared and characterised in the experimental section herein.

As mentioned supra, copanlisib is, in WO 2008/070150, described on pp. 9 et seq., and may be synthesized according to the methods given therein on pp. 42 et seq., viz. :

Reaction Scheme 1 :

(I)

In Reaction Scheme 1 , vanillin acetate can be converted to intermediate (III) via nitration conditions such as neat fuming nitric acid or nitric acid in the presence of another strong acid such as sulfuric acid. Hydrolysis of the acetate in intermediate (III) would be expected in the presence of bases such as sodium

hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide in a protic solvent such as methanol. Protection of intermediate (IV) to generate compounds of Formula (V) could be accomplished by standard methods (Greene, T.W.; Wuts, P.G.M.; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999). Conversion of compounds of formula (V) to those of formula (VI) can be achieved using ammonia in the presence of iodine in an aprotic solvent such as THF or dioxane. Reduction of the nitro group in formula (VI) could be accomplished using iron in acetic acid or hydrogen gas in the presence of a suitable palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst. Conversion of compounds of formula (VII) to the imidazoline of formula (VIII) is best accomplished using ethylenediamine in the presence of a catalyst such as elemental sulfur with heating. The cyclization of compounds of formula (VIII) to those of formula (IX) is accomplished using cyanogen bromide in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine in a halogenated solvent such as DCM or dichloroethane. Removal of the protecting group in formula (IX) will be dependent on the group selected and can be accomplished by standard methods (Greene, T.W.; Wuts, P.G.M.; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999). Alkylation of the phenol in formula (X) can be achieved using a base such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, or potassium t-butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF or DMSO with introduction of a side chain bearing an appropriate leaving group such as a halide, or a sulfonate group. Lastly, amides of formula (I) can be formed using activated esters such as acid chlorides and anhydrides or alternatively formed using carboxylic acids and appropriate coupling agents such as PYBOP, DCC, or EDCI in polar aprotic solvents.

Reaction Scheme 2 :

Reaction Scheme 3

Step A9: N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (“EDCI”) is used as coupling reagent. Copanlisib is isolated by simple filtration.

Step A1 1 : Easy purification of copanlisib via its dihydrochloride

(dihydrochloride is the final product)

Hence, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method of preparing copanlisib (10) via the following steps shown in Reaction Scheme 3, infra :

Reaction Scheme 3 : 

Example 1 : Step A1 : Preparation of 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2)

3.94 kg of nitric acid (65 w%) were added to 5.87 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0°C (nitrating acid). 1 .5 kg of vanillin acetate were dissolved in 2.9 kg of dichloromethane (vanillin acetate solution). Both solutions reacted in a micro reactor with flow rates of app. 8.0 mL/min (nitrating acid) and app. 4.0 mL/min (vanillin acetate solution) at 5°C. The reaction mixture was directly dosed into 8 kg of water at 3°C. After 3h flow rates were increased to 10 mL/min (nitrating acid) and 5.0 mL/min (vanillin acetate solution). After additional 9 h the flow reaction was completed. The layers were separated at r.t., and the aqueous phase was extracted with 2 L of dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with 2 L of saturated sodium bicarbonate, and then 0.8 L of water. The dichloromethane solution was concentrated in vacuum to app. 3 L, 3.9 L of methanol were added and app. the same volume was removed by distillation again. Additional 3.9 L of methanol were added, and the solution concentrated to a volume of app. 3.5 L. This solution of 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2) was directly used in the next step.

Example 2 : Step A2 : Preparation of 4-hydroxy -3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2-nitro-vanillin) (3)

To the solution of 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2) prepared as described in example 1 (see above) 1 .25 kg of methanol were added, followed by 2.26 kg of potassium carbonate. The mixture was stirred at 30°C for 3h. 7.3 kg of dichloromethane and 12.8 kg of aqueous hydrochloric acid (10 w%) were added at < 30°C (pH 0.5 – 1 ). The mixture was stirred for 15 min, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was filtered, and the filter cake washed with 0.5 L of dichloromethane. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with 4.1 kg of

dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuum to app. 4 L. 3.41 kg of toluene were added, and the mixture concentrated to a final volume of app. 4 L. The mixture was cooled to 0°C. After 90 min the suspension was filtered. The collected solids were washed with cold toluene and dried to give 0.95 kg (62 %).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, de-DMSO): δ =3.84 (s, 3H), 7.23 (d, 1 H), 7.73 (d, 1 H), 9.74 (s, 1 H), 1 1 .82 (brs, 1 H).

NMR spectrum also contains signals of regioisomer 6-nitrovanillin (app. 10%): δ = 3.95 (s, 3H), 7.37 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (s, 1 H), 10.16 (s, 1 H), 1 1 .1 1 (brs, 1 H).

Example 3 : Step A3 : Preparation of 4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (4) :

10 g of 3 were dissolved in 45 mL DMF at 25 °C. This solution was charged with 14 g potassium carbonate and the temperature did rise to app. 30 °C. Into this suspension 7.1 mL benzyl bromide was dosed in 15minutes at a temperature of 30 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours to complete the reaction. After cooling to 25 °C 125 mL water was added. The suspension was filtered, washed twice with 50 mL water and once with water / methanol (10 mL / 10 mL) and tried at 40 °C under reduced pressure. In this way 14.2 g (97% yield) of 4 were obtained as a yellowish solid.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 3.86 (s, 3H); 5.38 (s, 2 H); 7.45 (m, 5H); 7.62 (d, 2H); 7.91 (d, 2H); 9.81 (s, 1 H).

Example 4a : Step A4 : 2-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazole (5) : Method A

10 g of 4 were dissolved in 100 mL methanol and 2.5 g ethylenediamine were added at 20-25 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for one hour, cooled to 0°C and a solution of N- bromosuccinimide (8.1 g) in 60 mL

acetonitrile was added. Stirring was continued for 1 .5 h and the reaction mixture was warmed to 20 °C and stirred for another 60 minutes. The reaction was quenched with a solution of 8.6 g NaHCO3 and 2.2 g Na₂SO3 in 100 mL water. After 10 minutes 230 mL water was added, the product was filtered, washed with 40 mL water and tried at 40 °C under reduced pressure. In this way 8.9 g (78% yield) of 5 was obtained as an white solid.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 3.31 (s, 4H); 3.83 (s, 3H); 5.29 (s, 2 H); 6.88 (s, 1 H); 7.37 (t, 1 H); 7.43 (m, 3H); 7.50 (m, 3H).

Example 4b : Step A4 : 2-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazole (5) : Method B

28.7 kg of compound 4 were dissolved in 231 kg dichloromethane at 20 °C and 8.2 kg ethylenediamine were added. After stirring for 60 minutes N-bromosuccinimide was added in 4 portions (4 x 5.8 kg) controlling that the temperature did not exceed 25°C. When the addition was completed stirring was continued for 90 minutes at 22 °C. To the reaction mixture 9 kg potassium carbonate in 39 kg water was added and the layers were separated. From the organic layer 150 kg of solvent was removed via distillation and 67 kg toluene was added. Another 50 kg solvent was removed under reduced pressure and 40 kg toluene was added. After stirring for 30 minutes at 35-45 °C the reaction was cooled to 20 °C and the product was isolated via filtration. The product was washed with toluene (19 kg), tried under reduced pressure and 26.6 kg (81 % yield) of a brown product was obtained.

Example 5 : Step A5 : 3-(benzyloxy)-6-(4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyaniline (6) :

8.6 g of compound 5 were suspended in 55 mL THF and 1 .4 g of 1 %Pt/0.2% Fe/C in 4 mL water was added. The mixture was heated to 45 °C and hydrogenated at 3 bar hydrogen pressure for 30 minutes. The catalyst was

filtered off and washed two times with THF. THF was removed via distillation and 65 mL isopropanol/water 1/1 were added to the reaction mixture. The solvent remaining THF was removed via distillation and 86 mL isopropanol/water 1/1 was added. The suspension was stirred for one hour, filtered, washed twice with isopropanol/water 1/1 and dried under reduced pressure to yield 7.8g (99% yield) of an white solid.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 3.26 (t, 2H); 3.68 (s, 3H); 3.82 (t, 2H); 5.13 (s, 2 H); 6.35 (d, 1 H); 6.70 (s, 1 H); 6.93 (bs, 2 H); 7.17 (d, 1 H); 7.33 (t, 1 H); 7.40 (t, 2H); 7.45 (d, 2H).

Example 6a : Step A6 : 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine (7) : Method A

10 g of 6 were suspended in 65 mL acetonitrile and 6.1 mL triethylamine were added. At 5-10 °C 8.4 mL bromocyanide 50% in acetonitrile were added over one hour and stirring was continued for one hour. 86 mL 2% NaOH were added and the reaction mixture was heated to 45 °C and stirred for one hour. The suspension was cool to 10 °C, filtered and washed with water/acetone 80/20. To further improve the quality of the material the wet product was stirred in 50 mL toluene at 20-25 °C. The product was filtered off, washed with toluene and dried under reduced pressure. In this way 8.8 g (81 % yield) of 7 was isolated as a white solid.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 3.73 (s, 3H); 3.87 (m, 4H); 5.14 (s, 2 H); 6.65 (bs, 2 H); 6.78 (d, 1 H); 7.33 (m, 1 H); 7.40 (m, 3 H); 7.46 (m, 2H).

Example 6b : Step A6 : 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine (8) : Method B

20 kg of compound 6 were dissolved in 218 kg dichloromethane at 20 °C and the mixture was cooled to 5 °C. At this temperature 23.2 kg triethylamine was dosed in 15 minutes and subsequently 25.2 kg bromocyanide (3 M in

dichloromethane) was dosed in 60 minutes to the reaction mixture. After stirring for one hour at 22 °C the reaction was concentrated and 188 kg of solvent were removed under reduced pressure. Acetone (40 kg) and water (50 kg) were added and another 100 kg of solvent were removed via distillation. Acetone (40 kg) and water (150 kg) were added and stirring was continued for 30 minutes at 36°C. After cooling to 2 °C the suspension was stirred for 30 minutes, isolated, washed with 80 kg of cold water and tried under reduced pressure. With this procedure 20.7 kg (95% yield) of an off-white product was obtained.

Example 7a : Step A7 : Method A: preparation of 5-amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol (8) :

A mixture of 2 kg of 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine, 203 g of 5% Palladium on charcoal (50% water wetted) and 31 .8 kg of Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide was stirred at 60°C under 3 bar of hydrogen for 18 h. The mixture was filtered, and the residue was washed with 7.5 kg of Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide. The filtrate (38.2 kg) was concentrated in vacuum (ap. 27 L of distillate collected and discarded). The remaining mixture was cooled from 50°C to 22°C within 1 h, during this cooling phase 14.4 kg of water were added within 30 min. The resulting suspension was stirred at 22°C for 1 h and then filtered. The collected solids were washed with water and dried in vacuum to yield 0.94 kg (65 %).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, de-DMSO): δ = 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.85 (m, 4H), 6.47 (d, 1 H), 6.59 (bs, 1 H), 7.29 (d, 1 H), 9.30 (bs, 1 H).

Example 7b : Step A7 Method B : preparation of 5-amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol (8) :

222.8 g of trifluroacetic acid were added to a mixture of 600 g of 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine and 2850 g of DMF. 18 g of 5% Palladium on charcoal (50% water wetted) were added. The mixture

was stirred at under 3 bar of hydrogen overnight. The catalyst was removed by filtration and washed with 570 g of DMF. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum (432 g of distillate collected and discarded). 4095 ml of 0.5 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added within 2 hours. The resulting suspension was stirred overnight. The product was isolated using a centrifuge. The collected solids were washed with water. The isolated material (480.2g; containing app. 25 w% water) can be directly used in the next step (example 8b).

Example 8a : Step A8 : Method A : preparation of 7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine (9) :

2.5 kg of potassium carbonate were added to a mixture of 1 .4 kg of 5-amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol, 14 L of n-butanol, 1 .4 L of Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide and 1 .4 L of water. 1 .57 kg of 4-(3-chloropropyl)morpholine hydrochloride were added. The resulting suspension was heated to 90°C and stirred at this temperature for 5 h. The mixture was cooled to r.t.. At 50°C 8.4 kg of water were added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min. After phase separation the aqueous phase was extracted with 12 L of n-butanol. The combined organic phases were concentrated in vacuum to a volume of ap. 1 1 L. 10.7 L of terf-butyl methyl ether were added at 50°C. The resulting mixture was cooled within 2 h to 0°C and stirred at this temperature for 1 h. The suspension was filtered, and the collected solids were washed with tert-butyl methyl ether and dried to give 1 .85 kg (86 %).

The isolated 1 .85 kg were combined with additional 0.85 kg of material produced according to the same process. 10.8 L of water were added and the mixture heated up to 60°C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 10 min, then cooled to 45°C within 30 min and then to 0°C within 1 h. The suspension was stirred at 0°C for 2 h and then filtered. The solids were washed with cold water and dried to yield 2.5 kg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, de-DMSO): δ = 1 .88 (m, 4H), 2.36 (m, 4H), 2.44 (t, 2H), 3.57 (m, 4H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.88 (m, 4H), 4.04 (t, 2H), 6.63 (s, 2H), 6.69 (d, 1 H), 7.41 (d, 1 H).

HPLC: stationary phase: Kinetex C18 (150 mm, 3.0 mm ID, 2.6 μιτι particle size): mobile phase A: 0.5 ml_ trifluoro acetic acid / 1 L water; mobile phase B: 0.5 ml_ trifluoro acetic acid / L acetonitrile; UV detection at 256 nm; oven temperature: 40°C; injection volume: 2.0 μΙ_; flow 1 .0 mL/min; linear gradient in 4 steps: 0% B -> 6% B (20 min), 6 % B -> 16% B (5 min), 16% B -> 28 % B (5 min), 28 % B -> 80 % B (4 min), 4 minutes holding time at 80% B; purity: >99,5 % (Rt=1 1 .0 min), relevant potential by-products: degradation product 1 at RRT (relative retention time) of 0.60 (6.6 min) typically <0.05 %, 5-amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol RRT 0.71 (7.8 min): typically <0.05 %, degradation product 2 RRT 1 .31 (14.4 min): typically <0.05 %, 7-methoxy-5-{[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]amino}-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol RRT 1 .39 (15.3 min): typically <0.05 %, 9-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine RRT 1 .43 (15.7 min): typically <0.05 %, degradation product 3 RRT 1 .49 (16.4 min): typically <0.05 %, 7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-N-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine RRT 1 .51 (16.7 min): typically <0.10 %, 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine RRT 2.56 (28.2 min): typically <0.05 %, 8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-N-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine RRT 2.59 (28.5 min): typically <0.05 %.

Example 8b: : Step A8 (Method B): preparation of 7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine (9) :

13.53 g of 5-amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol (containing app. 26 w% of water) were suspended in 1 10 g of n-butanol. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum (13.5 g of distillate collected and discarded). 17.9 g of potassium carbonate and 1 1 .2 g of 4-(3-chloropropyl)morpholine hydrochloride were added. The resulting mixture was heated to 90°C and stirred at this temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to to 50°C, and 70 g of water were added. The layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuum (54 g of distillate collected and discard). 90 g of terf-butyl methyl ether were added at 65°C. The resulting mixture was cooled to 0°C. The mixture was filtered, and the collected solids washed with terf-butyl methyl ether and then dried in vacuum to yield 13.4 g (86%).

13.1 g of the isolated material were suspended in 65.7 g of water. The mixture was heated to 60°C. The resulting solution was slowly cooled to 0°C. The precipitated solids were isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuum to yield 12.0 g (92%).

Example 9: Step A10 : Preparation of 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (9b)

1 kg of methyl 3,3-dimethoxypropanoate was dissolved in 7 L of 1 ,4-dioxane. 1 .58 kg of sodium methoxide solution (30 w% in methanol) were added. The mixture was heated to reflux, and ap. 4.9 kg of distillate were removed. The resulting suspension was cooled to r.t., and 0.5 kg of methyl formate was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, then 0.71 kg of guanidine hydrochloride was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux, and stirred for 2 h. 13.5 L of water were added, followed by 0.72 kg of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (45 w%). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for additional 0.5 h, and then cooled to 50°C. 0.92 kg of aqueous hydrochloric acid (25 w%) were added until pH 6 was reached. Seeding crystals were added, and additional 0.84 kg of aqueous hydrochloric acid (25 w%) were added at 50°C until pH 2 was reached. The mixture was cooled to 20°C and stirred overnight. The suspension was filtered, the collected solids washed twice with water, then twice with methanol, yielding 0.61 kg (65%).

Four batches produced according to the above procedure were combined (total 2.42 kg). 12 L of ethanol were added, and the resulting suspension was stirred at r.t. for 2.5 h. The mixture was filtered. The collected solids were washed with ethanol and dried in vacuum to yield 2.38 kg.

To 800 g of this material 2.5 L of dichloromethane and 4 L of water were added, followed by 1375 ml_ of dicyclohexylamine. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. at r.t. and filtered. The collected solids are discarded. The phases of the filtrate are separated, and the organic phase was discarded. 345 ml_ of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (45 w%) were added to the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase was extracted with 2.5 L of ethyl acetate. The phases were separated and the organic phase discarded. The pH value of the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 2 using app. 500 ml_ of hydrochloric acid (37 w%). The mixture was filtered, and the collected solids were washed with water and dried, yielding 405 g.

The 405 g were combined with a second batch of comparable quality (152 g). 2 L of ethyl acetate and 6 L of water were added, followed by 480 ml_ of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (45 w%). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min.. The phases were separated. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 2 with ap. 770 ml_ of aqueous hydrochloric acid (37 w%). The mixture was filtered, and the collected solids washed with water and dried to yield 535 g.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, de-DMSO): δ = 7.46 (bs, 2H); 8.66 (s, 2H), 12.72 (bs, 1 H).

Example 10 : Step A9 : preparation of copanlisib (10)

A mixture of 1250 g of 7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine, 20.3 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide, 531 g of 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, 425 g of Ν,Ν-dimethylaminopyridine and 1000 g of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride was stirred at r.t. for 17 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The collected solids were washed with Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide, then ethanol, and dried at 50°C to yield 1 .6 kg (96%). The isolated material was directly converted into the dihydrochloride.

Example 11 : Step A11 : preparation of copanlisib dihydrochloride (11)

To a mixture of 1 .6 kg of copanlisib and 4.8 kg of water were added 684 g of aqueous hydrochloric acid (32 w%) while maintaining the temperature between 20 to 25°C until a pH of 3 to 4 was reached. The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min, and the pH was checked (pH 3.5). The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with 0.36 kg of water. 109 g of aqueous hydrochloric acid were added to the filtrate until the pH was 1 .8 to 2.0. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and the pH was checked (pH 1 .9). 7.6 kg of ethanol were slowly added within 5 h at 20 to 25°C, dosing was paused after 20 min for 1 h when crystallization started. After completed addition of ethanol the resulting suspension was stirred for 1 h. The suspension was filtered. The collected solids was washed with ethanol-water mixtures and finally ethanol, and then dried in vacuum to give 1 .57 kg of copansilib dihydrochloride (85 %).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, de-DMSO): δ = 2.32 (m, 2H), 3.1 1 (m, 2H), 3.29 (m, 2H),

3.47 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 4.37 (t, 2H),

4.48 (t, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1 H), 7.53 (bs, 2H), 8.26 (d, 1 H), 8.97 (s, 2H), 1 1 .28 (bs, 1 H), 12.75 (bs, 1 H), 13.41 (bs, 1 H).

HPLC: stationary phase: Kinetex C18 (150 mm, 3.0 mm ID, 2.6 μιτι particle size): mobile phase A: 2.0 ml_ trifluoro acetic acid / 1 L water; mobile phase B: 2.0 ml_ trifluoro acetic acid / L acetonitrile; UV detection at 254 nm switch after 1 minute to 282 nm; oven temperature: 60°C; injection volume: 2.0 μΙ_; flow 1 .7 mL/min; linear gradient after 1 minute isocratic run in 2 steps: 0% B -> 18% B (9 min), 18 % B -> 80% B (2.5 min), 2.5 minutes holding time at 80% B; purity: >99.8% (Rt=6.1 min), relevant potential by-products: 2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at RRT (relative retention time) of 0.10 (0.6 min) typically <0.01 %, 4-dimethylaminopyrimidine RRT 0.26 (1 .6 min): typically <0.01 %, 7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-amine RRT 0.40 (2.4 min): typically <0.03 %, by-product 1 RRT 0.93 (5.7 min): typically <0.05 %, by-product 6 RRT 1 .04 (6.4 min): typically <0.05 %, 2-amino- N-{3-(2-aminoethyl)-8-methoxy-7-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl}pyrimidine-5-carboxamicle RRT 1.12 (8.9 min); typically <0.10 %, 5-{[(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)carbonyl]amino}-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[ ,2-c]quinazolin-8-yl 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylate RRT 1.41 (8.6 min): typically <0.01 %

Example 15 : Step A11 : further example of preparation of copanlisib dihydrochloride (11)

7.3 g of hydrochloric acid were added to a mixture of 12 g of copanlisib and 33 g of water at maximum 30°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25°C for 15 min, and the filtered. The filter residue was washed with 6 g of water. 1 1 .5 g of ethanol were added to the filtrate at 23°C within 1 hour. After the addition was completed the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 23°C. Additional 59 g of ethanol were added to the mixture with 3 hours. After the addition was completed the mixture was stirred at 23°C for 1 hour. The resulting suspension was filtered. The collected crystals were washed three times with a mixture of 1 1 .9 g of ethanol and 5.0 g of water and the air dried to give 14.2 g of copanlisib dihydrochloride as hydrate I.

Purity by HPLC: > 99.8%; < 0.05% 2-amino-N-{3-(2-aminoethyl)-8-methoxy-7- [3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl}pyrimidine-5-carboxamide

Example 16 : Step A11 : further example of preparation of copanlisib dihydrochloride (11 )

9.1 kg of hydrochloric acid (25 w%) were added to a mixture of 14,7 kg of copanlisib and 41.9 kg of water at maximum temperature of 28°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 23°C for 80 minutes until a clear solution was formed. The solution was transferred to a second reaction vessel, and the transfer lines rinsed with 6 kg of water, 14.1 kg of ethanol were slowly added within 70 minutes at 23°C. After the addition of ethanol was completed the mixture was stirred at 23°C for 1 hour. Additional 72.3 kg of ethanol were slowly added within 3.5 hours at 23°C, and resulting mixture stirred at this temperature for 1 hour. The suspension is filtered, and the collected solids were washed twice with 31 kg of an ethanol-water mixture (2.4: 1 (w w)). The product was dried in vacuum with a maximum jacket temperature of 40°C for 3.5 hours to yield 15.0 kg of copanlisib dihydrochloride as hydrate I.

Purity by HPLC: > 99.9 %; < 0.05% 2-amino-N-{3-(2-aminoethyl)-8-methoxy-7-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]^-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl}pyrimidine-5-carboxamideLoss on drying: 14.7 w%

PATENT

WO 2017049983

PAPER

http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=49a5a4d4-00a3-4f4a-8630-0277f78d630f%40sessionmgr4010

 ChemMedChem (2016), 11(14), 1517-1530.

2-Amino-N-{7-methoxy-8-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl}pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (BAY 80-6946, 39i):

Amine 36 (80% purity; 100 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL), and acid 39i’ (46 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added. PyBOP (173 mg, 0.33 mmol) and DIPEA (0.16 mL, 0.89 mmol) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at RT overnight. EtOAc was added, and the solids were isolated by vacuum filtration to give 39i (42.7 mg, 40%):

1H NMR ([D6 ]DMSO+ 2 drops [D]TFA): d=2.25 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.65 (brt, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 4.34 (brt, 2H), 4.54 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H), 9.01 (s, 2H);

1H NMR of the bis-HCl salt (500 MHz, [D6 ]DMSO): d=2.30–2.37 (m, 2H), 3.11 (brs, 2H), 3.25–3.31 (m, 2H), 3.48 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.83–3.90 (m, 2H), 3.95–4.00 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 4.17–4.22 (m, 2H), 4.37 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (t, J=9.7 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J= 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 2H), 8.32 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.96 (s, 2H), 11.46 (brs, 1H), 12.92 (brs, 1H), 13.41 (brs, 1H);

13C NMR (125 MHz, [D6 ]DMSO): d=23.09, 45.22, 46.00, 51.21, 53.38, 61.54, 63.40, 67.09, 101.18, 112.55, 118.51, 123.96, 132.88, 134.35, 148.96, 157.25, 160.56, 164.96, 176.02 ppm;

MS (ESI+) m/z: 481 [M+H]+ .

Copanlisib

Names
IUPAC name 2-Amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
Other names BAY 80-6946
Identifiers
CAS Number	1032568-63-0
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	25069683
KEGG	D10867
MeSH	2-amino-N-(7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholinopropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo(1,2-c)quinazolin-4-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
UNII	WI6V529FZ9
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C23H28N8O4
Molar mass	480.53 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

////////////copanlisib, BAY 80-6946, BAYER, orphan drug status,  follicular lymphoma, FDA 2017, BAY 84-1236

COC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(N3C2=NCC3)NC(=O)C4=CN=C(N=C4)N)OCCCN5CCOCC5

CAS  74102-02-6

2-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methylene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (39): White solid; m.p. 249 o C; TLC Rf value, 0.48 (in EtOAc:Hexane,60:40);

IR (neat) 2980, 2950, 1678, 1040 cm-1;

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.86 (1H, bs), 8.66 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz), 7.46- 7.34 (1H, m), 7.07-6.84 (3H, m), 2.46 (2H, s), 2.41 (2H, s), 1.10 (3H, s), 1.09 (3H, s);

13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 199.8, 197.2, 149.6, 149.3, 147.8, 127.2, 126.6, 120.6, 120.3, 108.

The synthesis, biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship of 2-phenylaminomethylene-cyclohexane-1,3-diones as specific anti-tuberculosis agents