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Human glucosidase, prepro-α-[199-arginine,223-histidine] [1]
Alglucosidase alfa
C4435H6739N1175O1279S32
105270.8020
August 1, 2014
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today announced the approval of Lumizyme (alglucosidase alfa) for treatment of patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease, including patients who are less than 8 years of age. In addition, the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) known as the Lumizyme ACE (Alglucosidase Alfa Control and Education) Program is being eliminated.
Pompe disease is a rare genetic disorder and occurs in an estimated 1 in every 40,000 to 300,000 births. Its primary symptom is heart and skeletal muscle weakness, progressing to respiratory weakness and death from respiratory failure.
The disease causes gene mutations to prevent the body from making enough of the functional form of an enzyme called acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). This enzyme is necessary for proper muscle functioning. GAA is used by the heart and muscle cells to convert a form of sugar called glycogen into energy. Without the enzyme action, glycogen builds up in the cells and, ultimately, weakens the heart and muscles. Lumizyme is believed to work by replacing the deficient GAA, thereby reducing the accumulated glycogen in heart and skeletal muscle cells.
Lumizyme, a lysosomal glycogen-specific enzyme, was approved by the FDA in 2010 with a REMS to restrict its use to treatment of patients with late (non-infantile) onset Pompe disease who are 8 years of age and older. The REMS was required to mitigate the potential risk of rapid disease progression in the infantile-onset Pompe disease patients and patients with late onset disease less than 8 years of age, and to communicate the risks of anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions and severe skin and systemic immune mediated reactions to prescribers and patients.
At the time of Lumizyme’s approval, there were insufficient data to support the safety and efficacy of Lumizyme in the infantile-onset Pompe population, so Lumizyme was approved for use only in late onset Pompe disease patients who are at least 8 years of age. Pompe patients with infantile-onset disease and patients younger than 8 years of age continued treatment with Myozyme, which was already approved. Myozyme and Lumizyme, both manufactured by Genzyme Corporation, are produced from the same cell line at different production scales.
This approval provides access to Lumizyme for all Pompe disease patients, regardless of their age.
The FDA reviewed newly available information and determined that Lumizyme and Myozyme are chemically and biochemically comparable. Consequently, the safety and effectiveness of Lumizyme and Myozyme are expected to be comparable. In addition, a single-center clinical study of 18 infantile-onset Pompe disease patients, aged 0.2 to 5.8 months at the time of first infusion, provides further support that infantile-onset patients treated with Lumizyme will have a similar improvement in ventilator-free survival as those treated with Myozyme.
Because data were submitted supporting approval of Lumizyme for all Pompe patients, a REMS restricting its use to a specific age group is no longer necessary. While the risk of anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions, and severe cutaneous and immune mediated reactions for Lumizyme still exist, these risks are comparable to Myozyme and are communicated in labeling through the Warnings and Precautions, and a Boxed Warning.
“REMS continue to be vital tools for the agency to employ as we work with companies to address the serious risks associated with drugs and monitor their appropriate and safe use in various health care settings,” said Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “The agency remains committed to exercising a flexible and responsible regulatory approach that ensures REMS programs are being effectively and efficiently used and not resulting in an unnecessary burden on health care professionals and patients.”
Health care professionals and patients should also be aware:
- The Warnings and Precautions section of the Lumizyme product label and the Clinical Studies section of the Lumizyme label have been updated to include the safety information of the drug in infantile-onset Pompe disease patients. This includes information from the currently approved Myozyme label and information from a new, uncontrolled study in which patients with infantile onset disease were treated with Lumizyme.
- Lumizyme is approved with a Boxed Warning because of the risk of anaphylaxis, severe allergic reactions, immune-mediated reactions and cardiorespiratory failure.
- Health care professionals should continue to refer to the drug prescribing information for the latest recommendations on prescribing Lumizyme and report adverse events to the FDA’s MedWatch program (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/default.htm).
- Distribution of Lumizyme will no longer be restricted. Health care professionals, healthcare facilities, and patients will no longer be required to enroll in the Lumizyme REMS program (Lumizyme ACE Program) to be able to prescribe, dispense, or receive Lumizyme.
The most commonly reported side effects for Lumizyme were infusion-related reactions and included severe allergic reactions, hives, diarrhea, vomiting, shortness of breath, itchy skin, skin rash, neck pain, partial hearing loss, flushing, pain in extremities, and chest discomfort.
Myozyme and Lumizyme are marketed by Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Genzyme.
The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
| Country | Patent Number | Approved | Expires (estimated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | 2416492 | 2008-04-29 | 2021-07-10 |
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>Alglucosidase alfa AHPGRPRAVPTQCDVPPNSRFDCAPDKAITQEQCEARGCCYIPAKQGLQGAQMGQPWCFF PPSYPSYKLENLSSSEMGYTATLTRTTPTFFPKDILTLRLDVMMETENRLHFTIKDPANR RYEVPLETPHVHSRAPSPLYSVEFSEEPFGVIVRRQLDGRVLLNTTVAPLFFADQFLQLS TSLPSQYITGLAEHLSPLMLSTSWTRITLWNRDLAPTPGANLYGSHPFYLALEDGGSAHG VFLLNSNAMDVVLQPSPALSWRSTGGILDVYIFLGPEPKSVVQQYLDVVGYPFMPPYWGL GFHLCRWGYSSTAITRQVVENMTRAHFPLDVQWNDLDYMDSRRDFTFNKDGFRDFPAMVQ ELHQGGRRYMMIVDPAISSSGPAGSYRPYDEGLRRGVFITNETGQPLIGKVWPGSTAFPD FTNPTALAWWEDMVAEFHDQVPFDGMWIDMNEPSNFIRGSEDGCPNNELENPPYVPGVVG GTLQAATICASSHQFLSTHYNLHNLYGLTEAIASHRALVKARGTRPFVISRSTFAGHGRY AGHWTGDVWSSWEQLASSVPEILQFNLLGVPLVGADVCGFLGNTSEELCVRWTQLGAFYP FMRNHNSLLSLPQEPYSFSEPAQQAMRKALTLRYALLPHLYTLFHQAHVAGETVARPLFL EFPKDSSTWTVDHQLLWGEALLITPVLQAGKAEVTGYFPLGTWYDLQTVPVEALGSLPPP PAAPREPAIHSEGQWVTLPAPLDTINVHLRAGYIIPLQGPGLTTTESRQQPMALAVALTK GGEARGELFWDDGESLEVLERGAYTQVIFLARNNTIVNELVRVTSEGAGLQLQKVTVLGV ATAPQQVLSNGVPVSNFTYSPDTKVLDICVSLLMGEQFLVSWC
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| Human glucosidase, prepro-α-[199-arginine,223-histidine] [1] | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| Legal status | FDA approved for children[2] |
| Routes | Intravenous[2] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 420794-05-0 Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.  |
| ATC code | A16AB07 |
| DrugBank | DB01272 |
| UNII | DTI67O9503 Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view. |
| KEGG | D03207 Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view. |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C4758H7262N1274O1369S35[1] |
| Mol. mass | 105338 [1] |
Alglucosidase alfa (Lumizyme, Myozyme, Genzyme) is an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) orphan drug for treatment of Pompe disease (Glycogen storage disease type II), a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD).[3] Chemically speaking, the drug is ananalog of the enzyme that is deficient in patients affected by Pompe disease, alpha-glucosidase. It is the first drug available to treat this disease.[2]
Status
Orphan drug pharmaceutical company, Genzyme, markets alglucosidase alfa as “Myozyme”. In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Myozyme as a suitable ERT treatment for children.[2] Some health plans have refused to subsidize Myozyme for adult patients because it lacks approval for treatment in adults, as well as its high cost (US$300,000/yr for life).[4]
On August 1, 2014 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of Lumizyme (alglucosidase alfa) for treatment of patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease, including patients who are less than 8 years of age. In addition, the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) known as the Lumizyme ACE (Alglucosidase Alfa Control and Education) Program is being eliminated. [5]
Side effects
Common observed adverse reactions to alglucosidase alfa treatment are pneumonia, respiratory complications, infections and fever. More serious reactions reported includeheart and lung failure and allergic shock. Myozyme boxes carry warnings regarding the possibility of life-threatening allergic response.[2]
References
- ^ Jump up to:a b c American Medical Association (USAN). “Alglucosidase alfa” (Microsoft Word). STATEMENT ON A NONPROPRIETARY NAME ADOPTED BY THE USAN COUNCIL. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e “FDA Approves First Treatment for Pompe Disease” (Press release). FDA. 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- Jump up^ Kishnani PS, Corzo D, Nicolino M et al. (2007). “Recombinant human acid [alpha]-glucosidase: major clinical benefits in infantile-onset Pompe disease”. Neurology 68 (2): 99–109.doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000251268.41188.04. PMID 17151339.
- Jump up^ Geeta Anand (2007-09-18). “As Costs Rise, New Medicines Face Pushback”. Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company). Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- Jump up^ cite press release |title=FDA expands approval of drug to treat Pompe disease to patients of all ages; removes risk mitigation strategy requirements |publisher=FDA |date=2014-08-14 |url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm407563.htm
External links
- Myozyme (alglucosidase alfa), Genzyme official website
- MTAP (Myozyme Temporary Access Program), Genzyme official website
MYOZYME (alglucosidase alfa), a lysosomal glycogen-specific enzyme, consists of the human enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA), encoded by the most predominant of nine observed haplotypes of this gene. MYOZYME is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The MYOZYME manufacturing process differs from that for LUMIZYME®, resulting in differences in some product attributes. Alglucosidase alfa degrades glycogen by catalyzing the hydrolysis of α-1,4- and α-1,6- glycosidic linkages of lysosomal glycogen.
Alglucosidase alfa is a glycoprotein with a calculated mass of 99,377 daltons for the polypeptide chain, and a total mass of approximately 110 kilo Daltons, including carbohydrates. Alglucosidase alfa has a specific activity of 3 to 5 U/mg (one unit is defined as that amount of activity that results in the hydrolysis of 1 μmole of synthetic substrate per minute under the specified assay conditions). MYOZYME is intended for intravenous infusion. It is supplied as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, white to off-white, lyophilized cake or powder for reconstitution with 10.3 mL
Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Each 50 mg vial contains 52.5 mg alglucosidase alfa, 210 mg mannitol, 0.5 mg polysorbate 80, 9.9 mg sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, 31.2 mg sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate. Following reconstitution as directed, each vial contains 10.5 mL reconstituted solution and a total extractable volume of 10 mL at 5.0 mg/mL alglucosidase alfa. MYOZYME does not contain preservatives; each vial is for single use only.
Filed under: FDA 2014 Tagged: alglucosidase alfa, fda, FDA 2014, infantile-onset Pompe disease, lumizyme, Pompe disease Image may be NSFW.
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